Reaction Times With Different Genres Of Music - 705 Words

Reaction Times With Different Genres of Music Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of sound in a car on the driver’s reaction time. The use of both genders highlights which gender has the fastest reaction and the use of age range 15-20 represent the learner and provisional drivers. The different types of sound are relatable in the car as: the ‘silent’ sound represents the driver not experiencing any distractions, the ‘classical’ music is when the radio/CD music is soft and calm, and the ‘rock’ music is when the radio/CD music is upbeat and loud. Aim: To determine which gender has the fastest reaction to different types of sound: silence, classical or rock, and to determine which sound has the most effect on reaction time. Materials: †¢ Computer - Internet - Mouse †¢ 6 subjects o 3 males and 3 females from age range 15-20 †¢ Phone with: o Classical music – â€Å"Symphony No. 40 in G minor† by Mozart o Rock Music – â€Å"American Idiot† by Green Day †¢ Earphones Hypothesis: The different sounds will not affect the reaction times by much only due to human error and the male gender will have the faster reaction time compared to females. Method: 1. A quiet room with no distractions was found. 2. The human reaction time test website was opened (http://www.humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime). 3. The first subject clicked on â€Å"Click to start† in the blue area when they were ready. 4. When the red screen turned green, they clicked again as quickly as theyShow MoreRelatedEveryday Life Is Shaped By One Force1706 Words   |  7 Pages Everyday life is shaped by one force: music. Everyone listens to music every single day of their lives and, whether they realize it or not, it shapes their lives. Music affects people’s moods and interactions. People interested in different genres will also act differently because various genres have separate effects on people’s minds. Each genre has its own personality that it is generally related to, however not everyone who enjoys a specific genre is the stereotypical audience, such as a normallyRead MoreGenre Of Music Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesOur data showed some interesting trends for each genre of music. While many of our tests fell in line with what we predicted with our hypothesis, we did have some outliers that we did not account for. As stated previously, we started by testing the resting heart rate of our subjects as our constant. The overall average of our subjects’ heart rates was 69.92 BPM which falls in line with the standard average. However, some subjects had a harder time relaxing completely while being tested and thereforeRead MoreMusic is one of many forms of art. There are varying types of music which consists of seven1300 Words   |  6 Pages Music is one of many forms of art. There are varying types of music which consists of seven different concepts. These concepts: rhythm, tone, beat, melody, harmony, expression, and structure, are the fundamental parts of music. These parts of music, with all of its characteristics, has been proven throughout history to change views of most humans on earth regardless of age race, sex, and nationality. The creation of music is still disputed; however its early forms consisted of simple beats, rhythmsRead MoreMusic and Race Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagescertain music to cure diseases or to make scientific or technological discoveries, music is one thing society can never live without. To both artists and their listeners, music provides an indispensible beauty that helps fulfill lives, and connect to nature. Music expresses the human condition in the purest way and affects everyone at a personal level. Plato, a well-known classical Greek philosopher once said, â€Å"If you want to measure the spiritual depth of society, make sure to mark its music.† GenerallyRead MoreThe Power Of Rock N Roll Changed Society1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Rock Older generations complain today that music these days just does not compare to music of the past, that the music we listen to today has no class and makes us rebellious. Ironically enough, they were told the exact same thing themselves when they were young, along with the generation before them. Rock N’ Roll changed the fabric of society for nearly a century, having evolved from music that was already controversial in itself. As a result, a generation of youth that was either consideredRead MoreHow Genre Conventions Are Used to Raise Audience Expectations in Horror Movie Trailers.1576 Words   |  7 PagesHow genre conventions are used to raise audience expectations in horror movie trailers. ‘The word genre means ‘type’ or ‘category’’ (Teach yourself film studies) it is really important as an audience member to recognise genres as then things become categorised and easier for them to understand which is more comforting. Sometimes however genres are crossed and categories are broken for example sometimes we have ‘action thrillers’ or ‘sci-fi horrors’ this is known as a hybrid genre. This often intriguesRead MoreHip Hop Culture And Culture1196 Words   |  5 Pagesreferred to as â€Å"black music† and a reflection of black culture. However, recent studies done by the Mediamark Research Inc. showed that 60% of rap music buyers are white. 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This thesis will examine how music as a whole, effectsRead MoreThe Misconception Of Rap Music962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Misconception of Rap Music is subjective which means people will often voice their opinions on it, and undoubtedly one of the most controversial genres that has sparked a barrage of disapproval is rap. It is believed and further encouraged by the media that rap music promotes a bad lifestyle. With corruption being apparent around the world it is easy for the media to put the blame on a genre of music that is filled with explicit lyrics about violence, drugs, and rebellious subject matters. HoweverRead MoreEthno 50B Essay #11347 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom other genres of music and also has lent itself to other genres of music.† Herbie Hancock makes it clear that jazz has been an evolving form of art. And just as simple as the notion that music can change the world, music changes in itself. Jazz once evolved into something we call swing. Back in the roaring twenties people got up and danced to this kind of music. However, these simple and playful melodies that everyone were accustomed to transformed into intricate music with a different basis. When

A Research Based Evaluation On Targets - 998 Words

The first target 7.1 is partially measurable if we encompass the entire world and it’s disparities. Universal access to these energy sources would require an increased cooperation of the world countries that is not absolutely certain in the next fifteen years. In the second target 7.2, the increase of the share of renewable energy is not quantified and reveals the limits of feasibility of this target. The third target 7.3 is imprecise and therefore not really measurable since doubling the actual global rate of improvement in energy efficiency implies knowing the actual global rate of improvement, which is not defined. The fourth target 7.a is clearly quantified by its sub-targets and therefore is more accurate and measurable than the previous ones. The fifth and last target 7.b is more concise and realistic than the others as it establish a parallel between different categories of countries and takes in account their respective programs of support. As a result, this target tends to be measurable. II. Research based evaluation on targets measurability The first target 7.1 and the fourth target 7.a are related in the sense that ensuring universal access to modern energy sources would require an enhanced international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology. These targets are being analyzed and planified by several researches that claim that they are feasible. Accordingly, providing modern, reliable and affordable global energy sources byShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Professional Training On The Community It Serves, It s Resources, And Activities1547 Words   |  7 Pagesaimed at helping to integrate research and best practices (Royce et al., 2015). The purpose of an evaluation is to assess a program’s value to the community it serves, it’s resources, and activities that enrich the learning of its members (Mondisa McComb, 2015). Proponents of STEM on the national and local levels have invested tremendous resources to augment and grow programs that support the National Science Foundation ’s three key policies regarding education evaluation. As pointed out by KatzenmeyerRead MoreMonitoring And Evaluation Of Water Related Climate Change Adaptation Interventions1455 Words   |  6 Pagesprovince, this research aims to find out the optimal approach for monitoring and evaluation of water-related climate change adaptation interventions. Reviewing the different current approaches in monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation interventions will provide the hints and ideas to develop the optimal approach to monitor and evaluate water-related climate change adaptation interventions at the local community. I have critiqued the current monitoring and evaluation systems of climateRead Moreï‚ §Implement Campaign Evaluation Strategy Which:. Ocomment1204 Words   |  5 Pagesï‚ § Implement campaign evaluation strategy which: o Comment on advertisement content and how it was developed. Comments: The designed advertisement for Coke Zero focuses on the truth and facts provided by the industrial researchers and medical professionals. It provides the transparent information of how the products help to keep customers healthy and fit and will not incur any negative health effects. Different age of customers and different customer segments found it as the economic, easy to approachRead MoreSocial Evaluation Of Social Evaluations1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthat an individual learn how to make proper social evaluations. Social evaluations increasingly become important from childhood to adulthood as social relationships become more complex (Arnett, 1999). Arnett noted that from childhood to adulthood, important social evaluations begin to surface and evolve into more complex forms of judgment. Over time, the ability to discern a person’s trustworthiness and approachability becomes a vital social evaluation (Campellone Kring, 2013). An individual’s judgmentRead MoreDisc uss the Role of Product Positioning in Consumer Buying Decision Process and Whether Consumer Involvement Impacts on the Role of Product Positioning in the Decision Process1121 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess which marketers employ to select target markets. Segmentation is the process of ordering consumers into groups with similar product interests or needs. Targeting involves a company determining which market segments it believes it can satisfy, and then choosing an appropriate targeting strategy for the segments. Positioning is how consumers perceive a brand or product, particularly in relation to other brands and products. The relation between target segments and product positioning is dependentRead MoreShort Promotional Video For Marketing1654 Words   |  7 PagesSummary The Research Project question I chose was â€Å"What is the best way to make a short promotional video for marketing?† I chose this question because it combined two different interests of mine, which include marketing and filming/directing/acting. I wanted to learn more about how videos can be effective in marketing and how they can be filmed to communicate a message about a product, service, or company. This information could be beneficial to not only me, but also to other filming enthusiastRead MoreThe Infrastructure Of The Cloud Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagescertify the resources. Hence a third party authority generally called as the cloud auditor should verify and certify the service instance which is generally termed as attestation process. Principles of Attestation Process The process of attestation is based on five principles [11], which if adhered can guarantee that the trusts gained in the earlier phase are certified for correctness. First principle suggests that the system must be able to deliver fresh information for the appraiser to make differentRead MoreShould The Intervention Be Effective?1498 Words   |  6 PagesPre/Post tests are generally considered a reliable source to evaluate if an intervention is being effective (Dimitrov Rumrill, 2015). Another evaluation tool to see if the intervention has been effective will be the HPV vaccination rate that is release by the Florida. If the rate goes up at the sites and the providers that have participated in the research then it could be considered reliable due to specificity. The educational interventions that are completed at the Lake county health departmentRead MoreProposal Critique: Partnership for Childhood Injury Prevention (PCIP) Pediatric Service Providers Training Program853 Words   |  3 Pageswould fully fund the project. . Abstract and Summary The abstract identifies the applicant, project title, purpose of the proposed project. In the abstract, the reader can find the significance of the problem and the authors understanding of the research problem. The abstract delineates applicant capability with respect to project implementation, and identified an anticipated end result. Moreover, the proposed budget is included in the abstract. The abstract clearly describes the purpose of the projectRead MoreEvaluation Of A Program Evaluation1262 Words   |  6 Pageskey process evaluation components: Context-aspects of the larger social environment that may affect implementation; Reach-the proportion of the intended audience to whom the program is actually delivered; Dose-delivered-The amount of intended units of each program component that is delivered; Dose-received-the extent to which participants engage with the program; Fidelity-the extent to which the intervention was delivered as intended ( Bartholomew et al., 2011. p.526). Program evaluation is an important

Tuborg India Marketing free essay sample

The rejuvenating revamp of the Tuborg brand and its spunky Surrogate Marketing campaign through TV ads and social media has quickly established a strong connect with the premium segment customer in the country. With an innovative approach in designing the marketing mix, the brand seems well positioned to give the established players a run for their money. Tuborg is a premium beer brand having a strong presence in more than 70 countries. In India, Carlsberg India Limited that entered the Indian market in May 2006 bottles it. Tuborg was launched in India by the Carlsberg group in July 2009 with a creative campaign having a tagline â€Å"the fun starts here!! † . The beer instantly gained popularity among the party going premium customers. The campaigns targeted urban youth as its primary segment and focused on the ‘thump’ effect – which underlined the brand essence of music and fun. In consistency with its India strategy of tapping the unexplored market first, Carlsberg initially launched Tuborg in the north, west and southwest of India. In the initial phase, the company strategically avoided intense competition in Southern part of the country that accounts for more than 45% of total beer consumption in India and focused on building its brand in rest of the country where it saw high growth potential. As of now, Tuborg has a pan India presence and riding on its popularity, Carlsberg is making strong inroads in India’s urban markets as it has already toppled SABMiller to become the 2nd largest player in Delhi. Clearly, the global brand has made strong inroads in the Indian beer market in a small time and looks all set to become the premium brand of choice for the urban segment. In May 2012, as a part of its global enhancement program, Tuborg launched its new visual identity in India. In consistency with its brand essence of music and fun and its mission of being the obvious choice for young adults, the new tagline is â€Å"Open for more†! The new brand identity features a new logo, new tagline and a new bottle. The new logo, which is inclined to horizontal at an angle of 62. degrees, is termed as the ‘Tipping Point’ with a claim that the first bottle of liquid leaves the new bottle at this angle. The logo becomes horizontal when the bottle is tilted for drinking, making it more noticeable for an observer. The brand revamp is supported by a new TV advertisement and a social media campaign. As the advertising of alcoholic beverages is banned in India since September 2000, promoting the new visual identity on TV became a challenge for the company. Established liquor brands like Kingfisher, Bacardi, Imperial Blue, Bagpiper, Royal Challenge etc. re using surrogates like Calendars, IPL teams, Achievement Awards, Soda and the most common, Mineral Water. A common characteristic of such products like the calendar or the soda is that most of the times such products are never marketed or their availability is very limited. These advertisements call the attention of viewers towards the liquor products that are being advertised in a surrogate manner. A challenge for surrogate advertisement is to ensure that the viewer can understand the meaning of such advertisements and can relate to the real product, which is being surrogated. Hence it becomes easier for an established brand like a kingfisher to gain the most from surrogate advertising. For a new entrant like Tuborg, creating a surrogate TVC which is powerful and effective was a big challenge and thus it came up with the mother of all surrogate products – Tuborg Zero, a non-alcoholic malt beverage, with a matching tagline – â€Å"Open for fun†!. The bottle design, logo design and even the tagline have striking similarities to the new visual identity of Tuborg. The TVC shows a group of fun loving youth opening the Tuborg ‘ring pull’ cap and changing the ambience around into a nightclub. The Music, the Party thought and the Ambience  in the TVC conveys the right message that Tuborg Zero  can be opened for fun at parties and other enjoyable moments. The advertisement was launched on 15th June and became quite a regular during the Euro Cup telecasts thus leaving a strong impact on the youth segment residing in tier 1 and tier 2 cities. Thus, by popularizing the new visual identity in its target segment, the campaign was able to fulfill its objective. Owing to the advertisement and its connect with the target group, it is highly likely that the product would be a great success. But an analysis of the Tuborg Zero product, its price and placement presents an altogether different picture. Currently, the non-alcoholic malt beverage is available in a 500 ml bottle and is priced at Rs. 100, a tad too expensive for a new customer to try it on impulse. Moreover, the brand is available only in upscale markets of Mumbai, Hyderabad and Pune. An important point to notice is that Tuborg Zero is an India specific product in the Carlsberg portfolio and has no presence what so ever in the global market. This product finds no mention on the company’s India website. Quite obviously, the company is happy taking Tuborg Zero as a surrogate product and does not want this to be a mass favorite. This leads one to think why so much hoopla over a product which is hardly present in the market? And the answer shows the marketing genius of the idea. In the shadow of Tuborg Zero, Carlsberg has successfully positioned its Tuborg portfolio as an obvious choice for young adults who savor the taste of beer. With an identical look, theme and tagline, Tuborg Zero acts only as a surrogate for the Tuborg portfolio. The same concept of surrogate marketing has been used on social networking as well. The Tuborg Zero page at Facebook has more than 48,000 likes and the page actively engages its young and urban audience by posting content related to Western Music, Hollywood Stars and youthful, eccentric quotes. Euromonitor, a leader in strategy research for consumer markets, expects the Indian beer market to be a whopping $9 Billion by 2016. UB group and SABMiller Plc. are currently the prominent players and giants like Anheuser- Busch InBev and Carlsberg are all trying to grab a pie of it. The Tuborg Zero surrogate campaign has certainly given a head start to Carlsberg and the global brand looks all set on its way to become the go to brand for the beer consuming metro population of the county. But the competition, for sure, will hit back with some more spice. The market dynamics certainly look promising, lets wait and watch who comes to the top in the time to come!

Media Studies Psycho Essay Charlie Anderson Essays -

Media Studies Psycho Essay Charlie Anderson In his masterpiece "Psycho", director Alfred Hitchcock propels his narrative through closely following and manipulating the different aspects of the film matrix. These include the basic uses of conflict resolution, the manoeuvring of time and space and the utilisation of the narratives codes and conventions. Hitchcock uses a succession of non-autonomous scenes to describe how the apparent protagonist, Marian Crane (played by Janet Leigh), decides to steal $40,000, flee her home in Phoenix and undertake a long automobile trip to California. To the audience, it appears as though Marian Crane's theft and flight are the principal elements of the film's plot. Hitchcock, however, surprises the audience by using archival time both to lead us to believe that Marian Crane is his protagonist and then abruptly changes the direction of his film. Psycho begins with the camera drifting lazily from left to right across the skyline of Phoenix, Arizona. Hitchcock used similar shots in the beginning of both The Lady Vanishes and Shadow of a Doubt, implying a movement from the general to the particular and from the objective to the subjective. This sets the scene for the beginning of the film, an establishing shot showing buildings from a distance tells us that it must be a reasonably modern setting in a city. From this (where Hitchcock establishes the motivation for the narrative) we are moved to a desolate highway and a small isolated motel. This part of the real images matrix is easily achieved in the movie as the film continues to progress. Early in the film we are introduced to the narratives supposed protagonist Marion Crane, Alfred Hitchcock appears to establish Crane as the main character of "Psycho" from the film's very first scenes. From here we meet her boyfriend Sam Loomis in a discussion about his in debt and alimony payments, this tends to suggest that there will be conflict arising. After the establishment of these and the catalyst of the story by way of Marion's theft of $40,000 we are introduced to minor characters. These include the police officer who pulls over Marion and then proceeds to watch her at the car lot, he acts as a blocking character who is there to firstly create tension in the mind of Marion but also in the mind of the unknowing audience who still thinks that the story is about her. After Marion's journey to the Bates motel we meet the real central character to whom the title refers to, Norman Bates. Hitchcock develops him as a young shy and defensive individual which leads the audience to t hink otherwise about the apparent "psycho' that they have already established in their minds. Throughout the introduction the director sticks closely to the basic form of central and minor characters. He uses them against each other to create different conflict throughout the film and finally leaves one being defeated. By following the features of conflict resolution, Hitchcock's narrative adheres to two of the possible three resolutions put forward by Mcmahon and Quinn. Person versus person, in terms of the clash between Norman Bates and our other characters. Person versus self which could very well in some instances epitomise in the case of Norman Bates who disputes and loses internally against his alter ego, his mother. By using this character he sets classic conflict between others. We see early on the murder of Marion Crane, then of Arbogast. This leads to the involvement of Marion's sister and Sam Loomis who create conflict within Bates himself resulting in his capture and the eventual resolution of Norman's mental condition given by the state psychiatrist . Hitchcock again, by using conflict which creates tension and suspense and then by resolving this very clearly results in the audience being satisfied that the film has ended and has been concluded. Throughout the film Hitchcock uses a constant amount of montages to convey different emotions and journey through time and space as the definition of Eisenstein in Macmahon in Quin suggests. For example when Marion flees with the money from Phoenix, music accompanies a short montage of simultaneous time, followed by a scene of Marian's car on the side of the road. Soon a policeman approaches the car and

5 simple job search tips you’re probably forgetting -TheJobNetwork

5 simple job search tips you’re probably forgetting -TheJobNetwork There’s a lot to keep straight when you’re looking for a job. Things you need to put on your resume or else. How to build your brand so that you don’t seem hopelessly out of date. The nuances of interview questions you’re likely to face when you get through the door. And because you’re human, you might be forgetting some painfully obvious things that need to be checked off as well. Let’s look at some of the most commonly forgotten job search to-dos. 1. Go offline sometimes.Yes, most companies have some form of online application submission these days. Yes, you want to maximize your resume and cover letter for the keyword bots. But don’t make those your entire focus. We can get so mired in the online application machine that we forget to look up and see what else might be available. Don’t forget to work your network to see if they know of any openings, or reach out to recruiters to see what they may have as well.2. It’s ok ay to let your personality shine.As a rule, it’s good to be a little wary of your full everyday self- warts and all- becoming part of the job search process. You want to be evaluated on your professional merits, not your Facebook timeline. But don’t be afraid to make (appropriate) jokes in an interview, or show some personality in a cover letter. Your interviewers and readers are people too, and they would appreciate getting to see who you are, in addition to the points on your resume.3. Tailor your resume for the specific job.Going back to the online application engines, it can be easy to forget that you’re not just uploading a PDF to a portal. You’re not just a jumble of keywords; you’re trying to show that you’re a great and obvious fit for the job opening. That means taking the specific job description and making sure your application materials line up with it. If the hiring manager has to work to make a connection between you and the jo b, that usually means a fast track to the â€Å"no thanks† pile.4. Treat your LinkedIn profile as a living resume.Let’s face it: anyone who’s thinking of bringing you in for an interview is also likely to do a little internet sleuthing. And one of the first internet stops is likely to be your LinkedIn profile. That means you need to invest in your profile’s upkeep. Make sure it at least matches your current resume, but don’t hesitate to add things as they come up so that anyone who’s looking for you can see that you’re not only evolving all the time, you’re also on it with your online presence.5. Manners always matter.Sure, sending a handwritten thank you note on fancy paper has fallen out of favor in our fast-paced, everything-digital-always society. That doesn’t mean you’re off the hook for basic courtesy like thank you notes.Again, there’s a lot going on in your job search, but if you pay attention to so me of the smaller details along the way, you’re increasing your chances of success.

Quantum Entanglement in Physics

Quantum Entanglement in Physics Quantum entanglement is one of the central principles of quantum physics, though it is also highly misunderstood. In short, quantum entanglement means that multiple particles are linked together in a way such that the measurement of one particles quantum state determines the possible quantum states of the other particles. This connection isnt depending on the location of the particles in space. Even if you separate entangled particles by billions of miles, changing one particle will induce a change in the other. Even though quantum entanglement appears to transmit information instantaneously, it doesnt actually violate the classical speed of light because theres no movement through space. The Classic Quantum Entanglement Example The classic example of quantum entanglement is called the EPR paradox. In a simplified version of this case, consider a particle with quantum spin 0 that decays into two new particles, Particle A and Particle B. Particle A and Particle B head off in opposite directions. However, the original particle had a quantum spin of 0. Each of the new particles has a quantum spin of 1/2, but because they have to add up to 0, one is 1/2 and one is -1/2. This relationship means that the two particles are entangled. When you measure the spin of Particle A, that measurement has an impact on the possible results you could get when measuring the spin of Particle B. And this isnt just an interesting theoretical prediction ​but has been verified experimentally through tests of Bells Theorem. One important thing to remember is that in quantum physics, the original uncertainty about the particles quantum state isnt just a lack of knowledge. A fundamental property of quantum theory is that prior to the act of measurement, the particle really doesnt have a definite state, but is in a superposition of all possible states. This is best modeled by the classic quantum physics thought experiment, Schroedingers Cat, where a quantum mechanics approach results in an unobserved cat that is both alive and dead simultaneously. The Wavefunction of the Universe One way of interpreting things is to consider the entire universe as one single wavefunction. In this representation, this wavefunction of the universe would contain a term that defines the quantum state of each and every particle. It is this approach that leaves open the door for claims that everything is connected, which often gets manipulated (either intentionally or through honest confusion) to end up with things like the physics errors in The Secret. Though this interpretation does mean that the quantum state of every particle in the universe affects the wavefunction of every other particle, it does so in a way that is only mathematical. There is really no sort of experiment which could ever - even in principle - discover the effect in one place showing up in another location. Practical Applications of Quantum Entanglement Although quantum entanglement seems like bizarre science fiction, there are already practical applications of the concept. It is being used for deep-space communications and cryptography. For example, NASAs Lunar Atmosphere Dust and Environment Explorer (LADEE) demonstrated how quantum entanglement could be used to upload and download information between the spacecraft and a ground-based receiver. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Course work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Course work - Coursework Example se; the answer of this synchronous communication is that the answer of the interviewer is more spontaneous, without an extended reflection (Pistone, Riccomagno & Wynn 2001, 78). Face to face interview can also be recorder if the interviewees give permission, making it more accurate than writing notes. It also enhances interviewer ambience; making use of a standardization of the situation. The use of questionnaire ensures there are already formulated questions that require responses, thus reducing time wastages during the interview. These formulated questions are quiet clear of the type of response that is required. A part from questionnaire being practical, large amount of data collected within a short duration of time make this method relatively cost efficient. It can also be carried out by any one with limited research analysis knowledge. On the disadvantage part, with the use of questionnaire it is not possible to determine the level of truthiness of the information they give and how much the respondent thought has put (Spurr & Bonini 1973, 156). In some cases, the respondent may miss interpret the question thereby, giving irrelevant response. b.) Standard deviation is the inverse of precision. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to their arithmetic mean whereas high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over large range of values (Barra & Herbach 1980, 45). Standard deviation of company A tends to cluster around the mean as opposed to the standard deviation of company B; hence larger standard deviation implies lower precision. In most countries, more than 50% of urban population have access to these social amenities; generally, there seem to be more access to the amenities in urban compared to rural apart from Gambia where the reverse is justified but by marginal difference. c.) The development agency should target the rural area part of West Africa. This is due to the fact that almost

Abstract, conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abstract, conclusion - Essay Example Nevertheless there are both positive and negative impacts that an economy derives out of facilitating the global manufacturing by transnational and multinational companies. The fact still remains that any economy cannot do away with either domestic or global manufacturing activities just to protect its environmental conditions. Actually there is bound to be an increasing trend in such activities due to the enlargement of the population and the economy as well. In the background of these factors this study has analysed the impact of CO2 which is a major element in the determination of the environmental impact on global manufacturing by using ‘Vensim’ – a system dynamic model with appropriate simulations. The study has also used software ‘EIO-LCA’ and ‘SimaPro’ for estimating the CO2 emission for the lifecycle of a car and a mobile phone to emphasise the aim of this project. The operations of global manufacturers Toyota, Volkswagen and Noki a in the country of China are considered as case studies. The study concludes that there can be no effective balance between the positive and negative impacts of global manufacturing on the environment of the host country as the CO2 emissions far too outweighs the positive impacts. Even though there are several greenhouse gases that cause the global warming in their respective proportions, the study had taken the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) for analysis since CO2 constitutes the major contributor to the environmental hazards. The case studies coupled with the simulation model demonstrate that the quantum of CO2 emissions from the global manufacturing more than outweighs the economic advantages resulting from such operations in the host countries. But it is evident that the manufacturing activities would continue to grow in magnitude because of the increased expectations of the emerging economies to grow in a rapid pace. This implies the production of more CO2 and more adverse impact not only

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Essay The author, William Shakespeare, portrays Caesar in a more favorable light compared to Plutarch. In Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Caesar’s character sketch is that of a just, fair, patriotic, loyal and dominating leader. He is in favor of the people and always acts for their benefit. Whereas Plutarch shows Caesar as a dictator, a fearless man who does nothing but keep to his word and disregard all kinds of modern amendments. It can only be William Shakespeare, a well-known genius praised by people for decades, can do full justice to the character of the great Roman leader, Julius Caesar, in his play. Shakespeare mentions the instance where Julius Caesar goes to the senate house where all of Brutus’ confederates add their petitions to those of Tillius Cimber, in behalf of his brother who was in exile, to withdraw his banishment. They kissed Caesar’s hand and praised him but Julius Caesar like a truly just leader did not subject to that flattery and refused to comply with their requests. Another instance is where Caesar in spite of people warning him about the omens of the Ides of March, dutiful of his kingship still goes to the senate house and attends the meeting which he thought was to discuss important issues concerning the people of Rome. Both of these instances show a true king in the face of Caesar. Caesar was most definitely a model political figure. He refused the crown three times when it was awarded by the people. All his actions showed that he cared only about the people of Rome and not about his achievements. This puts all the notions about Caesar being a dictator and unjust ambitious leader, totally wrong. Caesar truthfully contributed to Rome and its people throughout his life. 1

Physical Therapy and Kinesiology Essay -- relieve, stress, allergies, a

Physical therapy and kinesiology work in a close relationship to each other. Essentially one may think they are one in the same, however there are small differences between the two that provide different results when applied singularly. As a combined effort physical therapy and kinesiology work to heal the muscles and joints of the body, recreating movements perfectly as they were before injury or in some cases as closely as one can get to a perfect function. First one must understand where the lone is drawn between the two fields and how they balance each other to create desirable results in a patient. Kinesiology is a complimentary therapy used to identify and correct internal issues to relieve stress, allergies, and pain. Being described as a complimentary therapy, kinesiology is not meant to be a cure-all for the patient, but a secondary method of increasing positive results of the original therapy; this method however can be used as a primary or secondary form of therapy depending on the results for the patient and satisfaction with said results. During treatment the doctor tests 14 different areas of muscles balance, these major muscles and how they react are believed to uncover problems that need correction which cannot be found with any other testing (Rude Health). During testing, most patients are found to need correction in all 14 balance tests, depending on the ailment the patient complains of and how well they react to the muscle correction will tell whether or not further treatment is needed. The physical aspect of the therapy, despite the name and basic principles, is not the only aspect required for optimal results. One must also report lifestyle and diet changes ranging from daily stress levels to pat... ... begin without the other, though the end result is far from the same ideal. Physical therapy can work with kinesiology in a way to take it into the light it belongs, and further the study from a more scientific approach. From that step forward, with more scientific study, the therapy may eventually hold its own and the results speak for themselves in the same way physical therapy has proven to be beneficial. References Mayo School of Health Sciences. (n.d.). Physical Therapy. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.mayo.edu/mshs/careers/physical-therapy Rude Health : Kinesiology. (n.d.). Proquest. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/759739277/8E660E12CC7646E0PQ/4?accountid=107221 What is Physical Therapy?. (n.d.). Medical News Today. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645.php

FLOATEA company Essay

1. Executive Summary: FLOATEA company was founded in Manila, Philippines in 2013 by Joseph Ventinilla, Shi Gerard, Grace Cervantes and Eddie Velizano, with the vision to educate the consumers about fine milk teas. FLOATEA is an organization that offers different variants of milk teas that will give you extraordinary experience. Separating it from the other pearl milk tea shops, FLOATEA (Float Ice Cream + Milk Tea) is an extraordinary kind of pearl milk tea because of its unusual delicious taste. A freshly brewed tea with the best ice cream topping mixed with your favorite flavors. It is a combination of creamy ice cream, sweet, and salty that will balance the right sweet spot. We serve milk teas such as winter melon milk tea, caramel milk tea, strawberry milk tea, chocolate milk tea, and vanilla milk tea. These flavors of ours will give each individual a taste that will never be forgotten. We also cater the best ice cream flavors as a topping for the preferred milk tea. We provide HEALTHYLICIOUS and SWEETYLICIOUS ice cream flavors. Our position in the market is based on the way our product is being defined by our consumers considering the important factors such as price, quality, product class, and application. FLOATEA also consider the relationship marketing that aims delight rather than satisfaction. FLOATEA targets kids (middle to college class) who had a great desire of thirst to purchase premium milk teas. It also targeted the ones who are often visiting to the place of Bonifacio High Street like family, couples that go there for dating. 2. Current Marketing Situation: The global tea production growth rate in 2006 was more than 3% to reach an  estimated 3.6 million. The expansion was mainly due to record crops in China, Viet Nam and India. Production in China increased 9.5% over the record in 2005, to 1.05 million. in 2006, through Government policies to increase rural household incomes. Expansion of 28 percent in Viet Nam gave an output of 133,000 as tea bushes reached optimum yields. India had a 3% increase in harvest output of 945,000 for the year. This growth offset other major countries, Kenya and Sri Lanka, where output declined by 6 and 1.6%, respectively. The milk tea craze continues to grow in the Philippines, as a result of the rapid expansion of kiosks selling milk tea. These include brands such as Gong Cha and Cha Time. These outlets have reinvigorated the market and are capturing students and young professionals as their consumer base. Due to the introduction of these chained foodservice outlets, Filipino consumers are being exposed to more tea flavours and variants, further increasing the sophistication of the market. Unilever Philippines Inc had an overall value share of nearly 25% in 2012, and was the leading brand manufacturer in tea through its popular brand Lipton, one of the first tea brands in the country. Unilever Philippines Inc produces a wide variety of teas, covering black, fruit/herbal, green and instant tea. Its affordable prices and strong distribution make it a popular choice among consumers. Milk tea is likely to grow even more over the forecast period. Instant tea, in particular, has minimal penetration in the market. It is priced on a par with instant coffee, giving it the potential to compete with instant coffee brands. With the right marketing and promotions, and improved distribution, it could take some market share from instant coffee. 3. Threats and Opportunities Analysis: New services help FLOATEA to better meet their customer’s needs. These services can FLOATEA’s business and diversify their customer base. New technology helps FLOATEA to better meet their customer’s needs with new and improved products and services. Technology also builds competitive barriers against rivals. New products can help FLOATEA to expand their business and  diversity their customer base. They have a strong competitors and their threats are the Zen Teas, Infinitea, Chat time and other milk tea beverages. Infinitea serves a wide variety of tasty and refreshing authentic pearl milk tea drinks for all you fanatics out there. Guaranteed made from 100% freshly brewed loose-leaf teas of high quality for an overall healthier lifestyle. Chatime is the next trend in beverages. A unique Tea concept that is dedicated to make Tea a healthier, refreshing and fun alternative to Coffee. Unlike the traditional Tea houses in the Far East, Chatime is making great inroad in marketing tea to the mass populace. Chatime opened its first outlet in the year 2005 in Taiwan and also the number of stores which is approaching to 1000 in 80 cities in four continents worldwide. You can now find Chatime in the US, Canada, Australia, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore, UK and India. 4. Objectives and Issues Marketing Objective †¢To offer consumer best health advantage through FLOATEA. †¢To establish as market leader in herbal tea industry †¢To enable FLOATEA to satisfy, fulfill the consumer’s personality & lifestyle †¢To increase FLOATEA popularity as an icon in Tea product. Issue Analysis Main issues that should be addressed in the Action Plan: †¢Company needs to gain experience in the market place †¢Aggressive promotion efforts to establish brand name and gain market share 5. Marketing Strategy: Separating it from the other pearl milk tea shops, FLOATEA (Float Ice Cream + Milk Tea) is an extraordinary kind of pearl milk tea because of its unusual delicious taste. A freshly brewed tea with the best ice cream topping mixed with your favorite flavors. It is a combination of creamy ice cream, sweet,  and salty that will balance the right sweet spot. Our position in the market is based on the way our product is being defined by our consumers considering the important factors such as price, quality, product class, and application. FLOATEA also consider the relationship marketing that aims delight rather than satisfaction. Floatea target middle class (middle to college class), young professional (new graduates), and professional (working stage). And most especially those people who are near and often there at the place dating and visiting. Floatea also has targeted the people who are Milk Tea lovers who want to experience and try something new about Milk Tea. Also, Floatea has targeted people who love ice cream. Milk Tea and ice cream all in one. Service Strategy Our strategy would be, were going to launch in our branch a mini-museum inside where in people who go there would be entertain and educate about milk teas and ice creams.We think of putting a creativity side where in people can put or post whatever they want to say. They can draw and write on the post it and post it on our walls with different kinds of colours of paper. We’re going to put entertainment side where there is a playstation and xbox Kinect wherein they can play for free when they buy FLOATEA from us. Pricing Strategy Our pricing type is value-based pricing that is based on the customer’s perceived value of our product depending on the quality and service we could offer to them. We believe that our product is competent enough to be one of the best and delicious milk teas that they could ever experience. Promotion Strategy Promotion in Bonifacio High Street (BHS) We will promote our product in Bonifacio High Street by spreading the news in the social networking sites about our product. Also, for the first day, the first 30 customers will have the floatea for free. We will be giving out flyers starting in the malls Market Market and SM Aura, and from Serendra to the other buildings in Bonifacio High Street. Other than that, we will be posting short video of our product together with the other information about  it in the social networking sites.We will also be having our own website for further information. Demographic Floatea target middle class (middle to college class), young professional (new graduates), and professional (working stage) who had great desire of thirst to purchase premium milk teas. And most especially those people who are near and often there at the place dating and visiting. Psychographic On the basis of psychographic, Floatea has targeted the people who are Milk Tea lovers who wants to experience and try something new about Milk Tea. Also, Floatea has targeted people who loves ice cream. Milk Tea and ice cream all in one! Technographic People who uses social-networking sites like Facebook, and Twitter. Market positioning We are positioning the floatea as the most catchy and unusual taste, and would provide the unforgettable experience to each and every customer. As we serve the unique teas that brazenly gets the creamiest ice cream on top of milk tea. But flexible to be adjusted the taste bt adding or to lessen its toppings by customers own choice. Target Segment Customer Needs Benefits Middle class ( middle to college) –consumer market Satisfaction Unique drinking experience Social belonging Price Social standing Premium price Good looking Refreshing Young professional ( new graduates) – Business Market Satisfaction To remove stress in work Unique drinking experience Easy to take out Quality Refreshing Professional ( working stage) – Business Market Satisfaction To remove stress in work To relax Healthy lifestyle Healthier than soft drinks Convenient Nutritional information Quality Healthier alternative to heavy sugar 6. Action Programs: 2013 January First week of January start of a New Year our first branch and product FLOATEA will be open to people on Bonifacio High Street on 7th street near Market Market, SM Aura and other restaurants there. Will be also giving free milk teas with any flavours they want for the first 30 costumers. February Our company would start providing advertisements for our consumers especially our target market to attract them of our product. Will be giving out flyers and promos away from us to advertise and let them know about us. March We launch in our branch a mini-museum inside where in people who go there would be entertain and educate about milk teas and ice creams. April We would be holding a bazaar convention that gives away prizes from raffle draws, special discounts for dealers, and partnerships to companies. An addition in advertisement will also be made where target market. May We will be having our own website for advertisement and will give out flyers and posters directly to our possible buyers and consumers. June We innovate our main branch and put entertainment side where there is a playstation and xbox Kinect wherein they can play for free when they buy FLOATEA from us. July Because many buyers and people go to our place we build a second floor for our customers to have more space to stay and chill in when they buy milk tea from us. August We think of putting a creativity side where in people can put or post whatever they want to say. They can draw and write on the post it and post it on our walls with different kinds of colours of paper. September We put a drive thru for people who are in a hurry and buy FLOATEA without leaving their cars October After innovation, we expand our FLOATEA business and build more branches to different places in Pasig, Mandaluyong, Makati and Manila. In different branches they have their own theme and marketing strategy. Novemeber We plan to have our own brand Ambassador which would be Kuya Kim, Matteo Guidicelli and Sarah Geronimo for their outstanding know about health, lifestyle and popularity. Because of this our product will be more known for people and we will be adverstide in tv and commercials. December – January 2014 We prepare and countdown for our 1 year anniversary in our main branch and will be having a programs such as activities, games, education talk and teaching about milk teas and healthy living while having a free FLOATEA for everyone for the first 100 customers 7. Controls Marketing managers of FLOATEA are encouraged to re-examine their goals and objectives on a bi-weekly basis and assess success and shortcomings. Based on their evaluation results, they are encouraged to make appropriate changes to drive the company forward. Each objective in this plan is smart, and should be evaluated monthly to see if the company and marketing program is on track to achieve it.

The Manager as a Critical Thinker

The 10 steps of critical thinking Include: What are the issue and conclusion, what are the reasons, what words or phrases are ambiguous, what are the value and descriptive assumptions, are there any fallacies in the reasoning, how good is the evidence, are there any rival causes, are the statistics deceptive, what significant information has been omitted, what reasonable conclusions are possible. The book stated that â€Å"an Issue Is a question or controversy responsible for the conversation or discussion. It Is the stimulus for what is being said† (Browne & Kelley, 2012).The book goes on to dividing the issue into two categories: descriptive and prescriptive. The book defines descriptive issues as those that cause people to question the accuracy of vents In the past, present or future. And prescriptive Issues are those that raise questions about what is the right thing versus the wrong thing to do, good versus bad, what we should do. The issue in this scenario falls under th e descriptive category. The CEO of PAS Manufacturing, Raymond Sesame's compensation is significantly higher compared to the salary of Coos in other companies with similar characteristics.James was hired In 2003 for a five year appointment with the starting salary at $400,000. During the first three years, the contract promised him raises of %, 5% and 7% consecutively. After the first three years, the Coo's compensation continued to increase significantly while the company experienced zero growth In the year of 2006 and continued to experience loss ever since without signs of recovery. The impact of Sesame's high compensation made headlines in a local newspaper. Employees of PAS are also expressing discontent with their current CEO.As a conclusion, the senior vice president of Human Resources at PAS wrote a memo to the Board of Directors advising the board that the compensation for the current CEO s misaligned with the industry average. He is hoping that the Board would consider sear ching for a new candidate to replace James who would be able to contribute to the company's growth. There are several reasons provided by the Director of HRS to support his recommendation In replacing the current CEO with a new candidate. Browne and Kelley define reason as explanations or rationales that support the validity of a conclusion (2012, P. 30).In this case, the first reason is evidently provided in the table that compares the Coo's salary to the company's growth rate from 2003 o 2009. The Coo's raise percentage continued to rise by 2 percent every year while the company's growth seized In year 2006 and exhibit a loss trend In subsequent years. The HRS Director believes that compensation should be based on performance, 1 OFF reflect his performance. Another reason is that other Coo's from companies with the same characteristics as PAS were only averaging about $391 ,659 in 2007 while Sesame's salary was as much as $100,000 over the national average.It indicates that the co mpany is spending â€Å"unnecessary' money. Lastly, the number of dissatisfaction or the current CEO is growing among the employees of PAS. The HRS Director fears that if union workers have lost respect for the CEO, it would be hard to stop other groups from losing faith as well. The next step is identifying the words or phrases that seem ambiguous in this situation. The book stated that ambiguous words or phrases should be looked in the reasons or conclusion areas because the author wants the reader to accept a conclusion. Therefore, I should look for words or phrases that affect my decision (P. 41).In the last sentence, the HRS Director said that e hopes the successor â€Å"will be more hard-working and willing to do what is necessary' which all sound very ambiguous. Because he never mentioned previously what constitutes as hard-working. Hard-working could mean different things to different people. And â€Å"willing to do what is necessary', what does that mean exactly? There s eems to be implied meanings to this phrase. A person might think doing whatever necessary as breaking the laws to achieve the goal while others might have an entirely different interpretation. Another ambiguous word is â€Å"greatness† in the same sentence.Greatness could also mean many things in this case. It could mean that the company is able to recover its losses or the company is able to regain the trust from partners and employees. Once again, it is hard to determine exactly what the Director want to express by using these words and phrases. The next stage of critical thinking is identifying the value and descriptive assumptions. According to the text, â€Å"a value assumption is an implicit preference for one value over another in a particular context† while â€Å"a descriptive assumption is an unstated belief about how the world was, is or will become† (P. ). The HRS Director considers pay for performance as the best method to determine compensation. By supporting this idea, he believes that productivity is the determining factor in evaluating how good a worker is. Therefore, he prefers his company to follow the industry best practices in determining the Coo's pay rather than the current practice. The descriptive assumption in this case is the belief that the company's performance will improve under the direction and management of a new CEO. In other words, the company's status cannot be improved by other means except for the replacement of the CEO.There are several fallacies that the author used to persuade the reader's opinion in this situation. The author attacked the Coo's personality by pointing out that a local newspaper recently quoted the CEO saying the following line; â€Å"I'm worth every penny I'm paid; this town owes everything to me and my family'. This is an attempt to show that the CEO has disputable character and that he is a cocky ungrateful man. The author also went on to say that the CEO is a very wealthy man as the only grandson of the company's founder. And because of his financial status, he has no inventive to ark hard for this company to strive.Another fallacy that was used is the slippery slope technique in which the author assumes that one event will set off a chain of uncontrollable and undesirable outcomes. The author said that once union workers lose respect for the CEO by circulating an unflattering comic representation it will losing faith in the CEO as well. Next step in critical thinking is to determine the validity of the evidence presented. The first evidence provided by the author is the table listing the Coo's annual raise versus the company's annual growth rate from he company's Human Resources Department.This evidence could be considered as valid because these are probably based on exact figures provided on payroll as well as the company's financial statements. The next evidence that the author presents is the average salary for other CEO in the same industry. At first glance, by using the phrase â€Å"according to the Economic Research Institute†, it would cause the reader to think that this must be a reliable source. But when looking at the footnote at the bottom of the page, the source was Just a salary calculator providing estimates.There re no concrete facts to support that the figure presented was the actual average for the industry. That makes the source not very reliable on its accuracy. The author went on to say that research shows that Coo's median total compensation fell yet the source for this research is from wick. Wick is not considered as a scholarly source for research. The next evidence provided is the survey of executive pay practices. The author stated that 64% from that survey reported salary freeze yet the author never stated how large the sample size was and failed to mention if the sample was Mandalay selected or not.Surveys are often biased because it fail to truly represent how people truly feel instead people fill out answers as they think they have to give. Lastly, the author quoted another cite citing other cities. The author used a source that was quoted in the Baltimore Sun without examining to see if the original source is dependable or not. Lastly, the statement that â€Å"everyone in the Human Resources field knows† is a generalization. The book defines this as â€Å"a person draws a conclusion about a large group based on experience with only a few members of the group.The author clearly has not met with everyone in the HRS field, therefore, he use his experience as being the HRS director to support his claim that this is the thinking of the whole field. The next step in critical thinking in the book is looking for rival causes. The books definition of â€Å"a rival cause is a plausible alternative explanation that can explain why a certain outcome occurred† (P. 128). The author was citing several sources to support his claim that the median compensation for CEO in the industry fell during Sesame's terms, as well as a lot of companies were freezing or rimming salaries for their executives.The author also cited another claim from a source stating that indeed, excessive CEO compensation was the actual cost of the economic recession in the United States during those years. This is the cause that the writer wants the readers to believe that the growth of PAS has stalled over the years is due to excessive compensation. There could be many other reasons that could arguably be the reason why the United States was experiencing a recession during that period such as high unemployment rate, foreign policy, war spending, amount of unsecured loans, etc.Clearly, high CEO compensation cannot be considered as the sole cause of the recession as the author wants us to believe. The author in this scenario used several statistics in trying to support his claim. First he said that the medial total compensation fell by 7. 5 percent, in this case, we weren't provided w ith the base number to determine if 7. 5 percent was significant or not. Once again, the author claimed that 64 percent of companies responding to the survey reported that omitted the total number of companies. 64 percent is an impressive number and we old have been easily swayed if we didn't question the use of statistics.

Socrates believed that right insight leads to right action Essays

Socrates believed that right insight leads to right action Essays Socrates believed that right insight leads to right action Paper Socrates believed that right insight leads to right action Paper Socrates believed that right insight leads to right action, this means that our judgment in choosing right over wrong causes us to do good. He says that our actions should be based from our reason and that ignorance causes us to think wrongly and in turn will make us do evil. We must conquer our ignorance if we want to do good in order to achieve our end goal, to have a happy life. A happy life is understanding what life really is, doing what is apt and conquering ignorance.Socrates philosophy has a big impact in my life. I know that I am still so ignorant about a lot of things. Even simple things like locating places in Cagayan de Oro and so many more. This bothers me so much it hinders me from being happy. It makes me uncertain of my direction in life. I am quite uncertain of my future, I am so afraid to move forward because I dont know what Im going to leave behind. I dont want to go to college because I am afraid of what it would be like, I am ignorant of college life and besides, it also means that soon, ill be graduating and I then will be leaving my family because if God permits, I would be working abroad, that has always been my dream.But Socrates said that ignorance hinders us from doing good then I realized, Im afraid not because by the thought of being away from my family, but because I dont know what to do in college, moreover, I dont have any idea on what life would be when I will soon be independent. I guess I am too spoon-fed by my family that I usually depend on their decisions and not on mine alone. I hate my ignorance; it thwarts my happiness, which is for me, one of my priorities that have to be achieved in my life.PLATO believed that reality is of two realms; the world of senses and the world of ideas. The world of senses is the material world, it is changing and there is incomplete knowledge. The world of ideas, on the other hand is the permanent world. Our soul belongs to this world; there is perfect knowledge of tr uth. I believe in souls, I believe that we are all souls and our bodies are only shelters. Plato believed that truth is difficult to understand because we fail to see that there are things that are really true. We dont use our minds. Just like Socrates, we fail to see the truth of something because of our ignorance.Many of us are materialist, I, oftentimes are. I see things by its appearance but not by its deeper meaning. There was a time when I encountered someone, who today, became one of my closest friends. I did not really like her at first because she looked, not really bad, but sort of untidy and at first I found her so annoying. I hated the mere sight of her but then, it just happened, I was given an opportunity to actually know that girl, and found out we have a lot in common.In that situation, I was trapped in the world of senses, I judged her by her looks which was not very attractive, yet, her real self is stunning. Compared to a time I tried to befriend someone who looke d so pretty, physically. However, I only ended up as her follower and I did not like it. The situation I once encountered is similar to the saying foul is fair, fair is foul. From that experience, I realized what Plato was saying the Idea of something is more real than the appearance of something. He was referring to the inner beauty of something is far more important than its physical features. Platos philosophy affected my life in such a way that I dont judge a book by its cover; I dont judge people through their appearance or status. Rather than, I first look into their real self, if they have good hearts, then, no problem.I can relate Arristipus Epicureanism in my life. Though I may contradict a lot of their belief, I would just like to point out some of the things the Epicurus believed that I too do. Pleasure to the max is slightly similar to my motto two years ago which is Live life to the fullest for the future is scarce. The future is uncertain, for the time being, you only have the present, therefore, we must make the most out of the now. But I dont mean living life to the fullest includes vices, I limit my motto to making my life exciting in a good sense. And it works! I have lots of joyful memories during my childhood years and even until now. The second thing I like about the philosophy of these people is about the four medicinal herbs, particularly about death is nothing to be feared.I believe that death is a natural occurrence; it is there for a purpose, to regulate life on earth. Why fear death? When we are alive, death is not present, when we are dead, then better death will not come back. But why do we fear to die? I made my own reflecting and I came up with an answer it is the process of dying which is frightening, not death. The uncertainty of how we die, how great the pain we have to go through before we pass away, is the main thing that make us fear. Another thing would be the fear of leaving behind your loved ones. Like when a mother stil l has dependent children to care for, the mother fears death because she worries about the future of her kids if she will die.I can relate this to the situation when I was in elementary. My mother was in manila, undergoing several operations, she told me that she almost gave up and nearly died, but she thought about what would happen to me if she no longer is there, and found the courage to fight. Whenever she tells me that Im her only reason why she is still around, why she still works, I often get teary-eyed I hate to think that death is unpredictable I dont want to see another member of my family pass away, to tell you the truth, I dont fear death. In fact, I would stand first in line to save my family, I could not bear to see my loved-ones pass. I know Im being unfair. I know I am wrong; this is one ignorance I find hard to rid off.

Fruits That Ruin Jell-O and Other Gelatin Desserts

Fruits That Ruin Jell-O and Other Gelatin Desserts If you add certain fruits to Jell-O or other gelatin desserts, the gelatin wont set up. Heres a look at which fruits have this effect and what happens that causes them to ruin Jell-O. Key Takeaways: Fruits That Ruin Gelatin Some fresh fruits prevent Jell-O and other types of gelatin from gelling.These are fruits that contain high levels of proteases. Proteases are enzymes that break chemical bonds in proteins, such as collagen in gelatin.Pineapple, kiwi, papaya, mango, and guava are examples of fruits that cause a problem.Heat inactivates proteases, so cooking fruit before adding it to gelatin prevents any issue. Canned fruit has been heated, so it is also acceptable for use in gelatin desserts. Fruits That Ruin Jell-O The fruits that ruin Jell-O contain enyzmes called proteases which break the chemical bonds that try to form between chains of protein as Jell-O or other gelatin tries to gel. pineapple - bromelainkiwi - actinidinfigs - ficainpapaya - papainpawpaw - papainmangoguavaginger root Only Fresh Fruit Causes a Problem You may have had Jell-O that contained pineapple or another of the fruits on the list. This is because the enzymes in the fruit only disrupt the gelling process if the fruits are fresh or frozen. If the fruit is heated (e.g., canning or cooking) then the enzymes are permanently inactivated, making the fruit perfectly fine for making Jell-O. Jell-Os versatility enabled it to be used in a wide variety of  old fashioned recipes you wont believe people actually ate.

Software Defined Radio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Software Defined Radio - Research Paper Example The radio has increased the reception frequency from 45 MHz to 6 GHz operating between 900 MHz and 6 GHz. At this frequency, the radio was able to cover a wide range of the available mobile communication areas. Figure 1 shows the frequency allocation of the present mobile communication, the global positioning, and broadcasting systems. The incorporation of Bluetooth application played a significant role in increasing the frequency and the bandwidth. Figure 1: Frequency allocation of mobile communication, global positioning, and broadcasting systems On the other hand, the radio receiver had to be designed in a manner that it would be compatible with the future receivers. The receiver transferred low-power radio frequency signal to a complex baseband signal. The design considered all performance parameters that included noise figure (NF), dynamic range, third order interception point (TOI), image rejection, filtering, and signal to noise ratio. In order to ensure quality configuration of the radio, the input power level, bandwidth, frequency, and modulation were variable. The software was designed to transfer signals to a dynamic range and have a flexible fixed bandwidth. Design engineers faced many challenges despite the popularity and demand for software defines radio. Simulation and design techniques were employed in delivering quality product to optimize its operations (Garcia et al 1156-1161). The new developed software provides users with an easier operating environment since a task radio behavior is set and the hardware is left to implement radio frequencies. In addition, the design team produced a small and simple receiver manufactured as an integrated circuit (IC). The... This paper approves that the analog to digital converters were also used in the design. The traditional radio receivers used external antenna at radio frequencies. The design engineers could not perform direct digitalization of microwave frequencies which posed a big challenge. The introduction of analog to digital converters made information more accessible and easier to decode. The mobile communication gadgets were fitted with the application from the manufacturers making it easier to convert frequencies. On the other hand, the traditional radio used antennas for single frequency band. Because of the increasing communication jam, engineers designed an application that could accommodate multiple calls at ago. This report makes a conclusion that the development of software define radio technology has changed the way in which people communicate using mobile phones. Many researchers have been conducted on the suitability of the application and how it could fit in the future world of communication. Wireless and mobility concept has allowed societies to share more information in an efficient and timely manner therefore, bringing life changing services to communities. The radio services have contributed a lot in educating, empowering, and delighting people on how to handle future technological changes. The revolution has changed even the ways in which people carry out their businesses in the present society. Each day experts come up with new methods of wireless communication that enable people to connect, share, and make innovations using wireless and mobility concept. The following application was found out to be very efficient, power saving, and capable of rejecting high levels of frequency i nterference.

Deborah Tannens But What Do You Mean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deborah Tannens But What Do You Mean - Essay Example I agree with Tannen’s stance on criticism. Women’s softened criticism originates in their delicate nature. Tannen rightly attributes it to their emphasis upon feelings rather than ego. Women talk to others the way they would like themselves to be talked to. On the other hand, men are straight-forward. Being rough and tough, they expect others to be rough and tough as well. They don’t realize when they are being too tough to the women because they are not women themselves. It’s just that they have never been able to feel how a woman feels when she is being talked to in a straight-forward and critical manner. I also agree to Tannen as she analyzes women’s feelings when they don’t get the same level of formality or politeness that they treat men with. I agree that quite often, women keep thanking others for â€Å"nothing†. Although a man might be trying to be gentle while responding to a woman manager’s thankyou with welcome, yet a woman may not understand that he was trying to play his part on the scale of politeness because his performance was just not up to the mark! I agree that men are stronger at arguing than women because this is what they do all the time. Although women also keep arguing among their community in their little capacity, yet their capacity does not measure equal to that of men. One reason for this may be that men fight over more crucial matters than women and are more often held accountable for their acts than women, though I disagree that women are not taken seriously if they don’t argue enough. I agree that women are more generous and eager in giving feedback while men are more reluctant and critical. What women take very seriously is an ordinary thing to men. Again, it’s the delicacy of women’s nature and the roughness of men’s that is playing a role here! The fact that men tend to bring solution to women for the problems they raise with the intention of

Evaluate teh Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 that focuses on Barriers Essay

Evaluate teh Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 that focuses on Barriers of implementing of the Act - Essay Example To begin with, in the full implementation of the act there was lack of the devoted man –hours to properly implement it. This was actually caused by the fact some of the people charge with see the success of this act felt that all avenues had been explores as far as preventing pollution is concerned and that this act would not add anything substantial to the extent that thing had reached. Though some of this is due to the lack of management committee that can coordinate the ground work, it was also noted that there was lack of enough resources. In order to successfully achieve its objective then there has to a management committee which will be charge with responsibility of coordinating all the staff (Dale & Johnson, 1996). Secondly, another major barrier to the success of this act was the fact that the project was deemed to cost so much and yet many felt that enough had been done to prevent pollution. Its surely true that the implementation of this act would cost so much for the tax payers thus this was a big barrier in its implementation since the government was reluctant to pump that much need funds to speed up its implementation. Though, all is not as they could still depend on the multimedia results and conclusive data that had been taken before in order to facilitate its implementation. These already existing data could be used in understanding the trend and conditions in the environment and public health (Dale & Johnson, 1996). There was also lack of enough priority from the business owner. This was due to the general awareness of the mandate as far as the prevention of pollution is concerned. In order to ensure success of this project then there has to be increased awareness especially of the EPA funded Chemical and Pesticide Results Measure Project (CAPRM) and this would in turn help increase the participation of many business owners. In addition, there was also lack of the regulatory enforcer. This to me I don’t

Universal characteristics of aggressive behaviour in humans

Universal characteristics of aggressive behaviour in humans In what sense are aggressive behaviors, i.e. conflict, competition, and dominance, universal characteristics of humans? What is the evidence that in some cultures aggressive behaviors are rarely observed and strongly sanctioned? How is such an outcome achieved? Humans are innately social animals,  whose existence depends on a continued complex relationship with other human beings. Expressed aggression will inevitably lead to an individual or group as the dominator, and an individual or group as the dominated. Since human origin, individuals and groups have had continuous conflicts in search for the best economic resources, the most fertile land, and the most sustainable reproductive social group. For this reason, human history is full of aggressive conflicts and sanctioned aggressive behaviors. This essay is a brief composition summarizing the outcomes of aggressive human behaviors, specifically focusing on whether dominance, competition, conflict, and war are caused by nature, nurture, or both. This essay also presents case studies of rare amicable, nonviolent societies and their achievements of peace and human security. It is widely agreed among evolutionary anthropologists and sociobiologists that aggression is a biologically universal human characteristic (Dennen Falger 1990; Schmookler 1995; Wrangham Peterson 1996); however, many contemporary cultural anthropologists advocate that aggression is a cultural construct (Kropotkin 1914). Indeed, the historical debate between nature and nurture is vigorous, as the categories of human intrinsical, interactional, and environmental traits are blurred. Hobbes (ed. Tuck 1991) argued that war is a functional part of human nature that maintains a balance of power and solidarity. Rousseau (Jonathan 2005) defended the position that war is independent from human nature, and is therefore a dysfunctional social construct invented by states intended to protect societies. In contrast, Malthus (Pullen 1989) believed war to be a functional mechanism imparted by God to humans to reduce populations at necessary intervals through an innate expression of aggression and a need for in-group cohesion to maintain a sustainable equilibrium. The nature-nurture debate continues still, from early philosophers to contemporary scholars with no definitive answer. The debate however has recently grown more complex with a greater comprehension of biological predispositions that effect human behavior. The most compelling explanation is that many biological predispositions, like aggression and competition, can be distinguished from, but influenced by, the cultural environment (Renfrew 1997). Every living organism, Ridley (2003, p. 236) argues, is an instrument for genes to grow, feed, thrive, replicate, and die, but most importantly its primary survival function is reproduction. Reproduction undoubtedly catalyzes a competitive force to create descendants. This essay reputes the position that biological factors influence the cultural, or as Ridley (2003) describes it nature via nurture. More specifically, reproduction and aggression biologically entail phenotypic outcomes. All humans feel the need to eliminate competitors, or the offspring of competitors to protect reproductive capital such as territory and mates (Low 2000, p. 214). This can be achieved through aggressive non-violent dominance or aggressive violent conflicts. Anderson and Bushman (2002, p.28) defines human aggression as any behavior directed toward another individual that is carried out with the proximate (immediate) intent to cause harm. This, however, does not mean that the individual has carried out the harmful conduct. It can be inferred then, that aggression is a means to create an inverse relation to achieve a goal through someone without the use of harm or violence. The definition of violence, such as war, conflict, competition, and dominance is arbitrary. For example, violence in one culture can be very different to another culture, or even to individuals of the same culture. Anderson Bushman (2002, p.29) defines violence as aggression that has extreme harm as its goal (e.g., death). When comparing the two definitions, it is clear that violence is aggressive expression but, conversely, aggression does not always lead to violence. These definitions lead to the conclusion that aggression is biological and universal among humans and furthermore, violence is nature via nurture. In fact, human expression of violence is minimal compared to aggression. Aggression can be observed in almost every human interaction in the form of non-violent dominance and competition for social capital (Dennen Falger 1990). Culture arbitrates in inverse relations with norms, mores, folkways, and taboos to prevent aggression turning into rampant violence. With the mediation of culture, aggression via violence serves multiple functions and dysfunctions within human societies (Dennen Falger 1990). Established in-out groups create and maintain group identity and boundary lines between societies. This stratification then creates reciprocal hostility between groups and creates the need for social institutions. These institutions often act as social filters preventing impulsive social conflict between in-out groups (Dennen Falger 1990). These filters also act as a mobilization mechanism, unifying the energies of group members, thus increasing group cohesion or reaffirming state sovereignty (Dennen Falger 1990). Without group unification, powerful charismatic people cannot rally a society toward a collective interest. Social order is achieved through rules and commands issued by these powerful people to maintain a normative system of society and influence the weaker people to represent their will (Dennen Falger 1990). The example of aggression (nature) via dominance (nurture) complies with the laws of mutual aid and mutual struggle (Wrangham Peterson 1996; Kropotkin 1914 ). Through these two laws humans directly benefit from achieved power, status, and resources through competition; however, as a result, 60 percent of all human societies engage in warfare at least yearly (Low 2000, p. 223). War would be inevitable if the genetic basis alone dictated human action. The above arguments have uncovered that the universal character of human conflict, competition, and dominance is contingent on biological aggressive behaviors. Ethnographic records and historical accounts tell a clear story of hominid catalyzed aggression (Carmen 1997). From primate pack raiding, to Homo habilis tribal skirmishes, to Homo erectus group battles, to Neandertal societal armed conflicts, to Homo sapien civilization wars (Schmookler 1995 p. 74-87; Otterbein 2004), humans have perpetually constructed cultural systems to solve the recurrent problem of violent aggression via mutual aid and mutual struggle. Through history, humans have been actively altering their environments through problem solving to best suit intellectual development, which has caused an inevitable in-group/out-group competition (Schmookler 1995). The more humans mutually support each other, the more intellectual development occurs; conversely, the more human intellect increases, the larger civilizations become, and more blood is shed (Schmookler 1995). That is, greater levels of population pressure are associated with a greater likelihood of warfare. Furthermore, warfare is more likely in advanced horticultural and agrarian societies than it is in hunting-and-gathering and simple horticultural societies, and that it is also more likely in hunting-and-gathering and agrarian societies that have above-average population densities (Nolan  2003). Thus, the denser human population becomes, the laws of mutual aid and mutual struggle become more imposed. This is evidence that culture can intensify or suppress expressions of aggression. For the most part, however, culture has been unsuccessful at eliminating violence. Since mutual aid and mutual struggle has failed to resolve the problem of universal conflict, surely something must provide a solution. Kropotkin (1914, p. 74) argues that, better conditions are created by the elimination of competition by means of mutual aid, thus establishing a cultural ecology of pacificism. This argument fails because, as presented above, innate aggression induces competition for optimal human survival. To completely eliminate competition, aggression must first be entirely suppressed. Complex human culture is unable to hinder aggression to the degree of elimination, but Kropotkin inadvertently made a good point. Once competition is reduced, social disparities and meritocracy will also decrease, thus preventing the less dominant group from obtaining the subordinate position (Schmookler 1995). The latter part of this essay will draw upon case studies to argue that competition reduction has been the primary objective for many tribal societies and welfare states. Kropotkin (1914) uses numerous examples to argue that societies with intra-group cohesion rarely encounter intra or inter-group conflict. Among them is a Papuan tribe located in Geelwink Bay, studied by G.L. Blink (1888). Kropotkin (1914, p. 94) interprets Blinks account as, never having any quarrels worth speaking of and never had he any conflict to complain of which is unsupported because Blink, in his field notes writes, war prisoners are sometimes eaten. Kropotkin does not completely overlook this statement of warfare, but this case study fails to prove his point that inter-group peace is achievable. Kropotkin, therefore, makes a detrimental mistake in his argument for exemplifying paramount sociability and inter-tribal peace. It seems Kropotkin was attempting to persuade readers through an anarchist agenda by centering on the Papuan peaceful in-group relations and describing the Papuan tribe as having a primitive communist system (Kropotkin 1914, p. 93-95). By using examples of Inuit tribes, Kropotkin once again glorifies in-group mutual aid, but abandons emphasis on inter-group conflict. In summarizing Veniaminoff, Kropotkin (1914, p. 100) writes, one murder only had been committed since the last century in a population of 60,000 people, irrespective of mass infanticide to maintain a sustainable population. In truth, Inuit tribes rely heavily on cooperation and reciprocity for intra-group survival; however, they are not exempt from inter-group hostility as Kropotkin omits (1914, p. 95-104; Gat 1999, p. 26). Anthropologist Reynolds (1985, p. 24) asserts that, Eskimos had limited their aggressiveness in past fights with other Eskimos, but had been more brutal in fights with other North American Indian peoples. Although restrained and ritualized, Inuit did wage combat against each other and engaged in inter-ethnic conflict (Gat 1999, p. 26). Even Veniaminoff, whom Kropotkin (1914, p. 99) quotes, writes that for Aleoutes it is considered s hameful toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ask pardon from an enemy; to die without ever having killed an enemy. Once again, Kropotkin relates the primitive society with his anarchical communist agenda to prove in-group solidarity and peace is achievable, but avoids out-group enmity. Specifically, Kropotkin takes a Rousseauean social Darwinist stance on aggression and conflict by arguing that humans are innately peaceable and cooperative. Nevertheless, Kropotkin shares a commonality with Rousseau, Malthus, and Hobbes; each has constructed two functional and universal explanations for aggression and conflict (Dawson 1996, p. 7). Firstly, interspecific aggression occurs when one group attempts to exclude another group through competitiveness and dominance. This can be achieved with or without violence and is distinguished from predation, when an individual or group dominates the other for the economic gain of a food source. Secondly, group cohesion results in a synergistic in-group relationship, consequently producing an ethnocentric view of superiority toward other groups (Pope 2000, p. 161; Dawson 1996, p. 7). Although Kropotkin downplayed group ethnocentrism and rallying, he realized it is inevitable, as explained above. Indeed, the laws of mutual aid and mutual struggle universally obligate humans. As explained above, innate competition and group solidarity has, throughout the history of man, led to conflicts. With the rise of large-scale societies, these conflicts evolved into primitive warfare. During the early Paleolithic, H. s. sapiens began to spread rapidly across the earths surface (Dawson 1996, p. 26). Fissionings and fusions occurred often, and competition intensified because of seasonal scarce resources. According to Dawson (1996, p. 26) all theories of primitive warfare have recognized that whether or not it [war] is innate it has to be triggered by competition. Warfare is certainly not innate, but it may account for the wide dispersal of early Paleolithic humanity. Conversely, it would have limited the possibilities for offensive/defensive competition because early humans most likely fought for land and resources and the winner would assume ownership, while the other group found new economic capital (Dawson 1996, p. 26). This method would prove effective until group s could no longer diffuse due to a limit of land and resources. At the beginning of the Neolithic culture, large groups could no longer easily avoid neighboring groups by seeking new land, therefore resource limitations compelled people to live in larger, more cohesive societies (Dawson 1996, p. 26-27). Dense populations compelled groups to become territorial, with semi-permanent settlements. Human societies, consequently, were forced to create caches of food to survive. In order to protect these caches, defensible resources became a defensive strategy against raiding groups, especially for agricultural societies (Dawson 1996, p. 26-27). Defensive logistics were designed to deter war but, according to the archeological evidence, war was more often and more brutal (Dawson 1996, p. 26-27). As a result of militarism, the individual became an expendable resource for the good of the group. The democratization of warfare among states is the current solution to the consistent and universal competitive strive for dominance. The democratic model originated during the French Revolution, when states were not yet nation-states and nationalism had not yet developed as a significant political force (Baylis, Smith, Owens 2008, p. 546). For the first time, humanity mustered an enormous and unprecedented amount of human energy into one single national service and mutual protection (Schmookler 1995, p. 99-100, 287-288; Baylis et al. 2008, p. 546). When France democratically handed over this vast army to Napoleon, neighboring nations were compelled to enhance and enlarge their military to deter domination. However, Napoleon was able to dominate Europe because of the newly devised national political system, enabling him to conjure unequalled armies (Schmookler 1995, p. 99-100, 287-288; Baylis, et al. 2008, p. 546). Once again, the laws of mutual aid and mutual struggle intertwine. In conclusion, Hobbes, Malthus, Rousseau, and Kropotkin all had a static view of competition. Competition inevitably leads to war and peace. The laws of mutual aid and mutual struggle are innate, universal, and are not mutually exclusive. They secure orderliness and allow humans to act freely to preserve their genes, however, the knowledge and values shared by a society influence and, to some degree, determine the thoughts and actions of an individual to behave synergistically and symbiotically (Schmookler 1995, p. 13). Through time, humanity has used solidarity, anarchy, fissioning, defense, militarism, social institutions, and democracy to sanction or repel conflict and violence with no prevail. In each case study presented, intra-group solidarity brought on inter-group competition and conversely, inter-group conflict caused intra-group solidarity. Because humans are social creatures and are dependent on each other for culture, conflicts are inevitable. The laws of mutual struggle and mutual aid operate within the law of natural selection gene survival of the fittest individual or group. In/out groups will always be present; however, conflict and war are not innately biological. They are an outward expression of acculturation. That is, human biological aggression is stimulated by cultural norms, mores, folkways, and taboos. A groups cultural sanctions determine the social consequence for overt aggression.

German :: essays papers

German Both Rasmus Rask and Jakob Grimm, at the time of their deaths, were aware that there were exceptions to Grimm's Law, but no one at that time could account for these exceptions. That remained for the Danish linguist Karl Verner (1846 - 1896) to do. Verner noticed that a great number of exceptions to Grimm's Law also had a regularity and system of their own, and could be explained logically as well. By examining Sanskrit, which preserved the older Indo-European stress patterns and which did not undergo the Germanic Consonant shift, and comparing Sanskrit and Germanic cognates, Verner was able to see that stress patterns in words had influenced the pronunciation of nearby consonants. To see the effect of stress on nearby consonants, say the words "exist" and "exit." Most people pronounce the first /Ig'zIst/ and the second /EksIt/. (I use the symbol /E/ to stand for the mid front lax vowel.) Notice how the voiceless velar stop /k/ in "exit" becomes the voiced velar stop /g/ when it follows an unstressed (unaccented) vowel and is surrounded by voiced sounds. Verner concluded the changes described by Rask and Grimm occurred in early Germanic times, and then another set of consonant shifts occurred later caused by stress patterns. And then (this is crucial) the stress shifted to the first syllable, effectively hiding the causes of the succeeding shift and making it almost impossible to recognize. Verner published his results in 1875, and the patterns he described came to be known as Verner's Law. Verner was thus able to explain a whole category of seeming exceptions to Grimm's Law: Indo-European voiceless stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ shifted to early Germanic voiceless fricatives /f/, /q/ and /x/, according to Grimm's Law. German :: essays papers German Both Rasmus Rask and Jakob Grimm, at the time of their deaths, were aware that there were exceptions to Grimm's Law, but no one at that time could account for these exceptions. That remained for the Danish linguist Karl Verner (1846 - 1896) to do. Verner noticed that a great number of exceptions to Grimm's Law also had a regularity and system of their own, and could be explained logically as well. By examining Sanskrit, which preserved the older Indo-European stress patterns and which did not undergo the Germanic Consonant shift, and comparing Sanskrit and Germanic cognates, Verner was able to see that stress patterns in words had influenced the pronunciation of nearby consonants. To see the effect of stress on nearby consonants, say the words "exist" and "exit." Most people pronounce the first /Ig'zIst/ and the second /EksIt/. (I use the symbol /E/ to stand for the mid front lax vowel.) Notice how the voiceless velar stop /k/ in "exit" becomes the voiced velar stop /g/ when it follows an unstressed (unaccented) vowel and is surrounded by voiced sounds. Verner concluded the changes described by Rask and Grimm occurred in early Germanic times, and then another set of consonant shifts occurred later caused by stress patterns. And then (this is crucial) the stress shifted to the first syllable, effectively hiding the causes of the succeeding shift and making it almost impossible to recognize. Verner published his results in 1875, and the patterns he described came to be known as Verner's Law. Verner was thus able to explain a whole category of seeming exceptions to Grimm's Law: Indo-European voiceless stops /p/, /t/, and /k/ shifted to early Germanic voiceless fricatives /f/, /q/ and /x/, according to Grimm's Law.