From Oppressed Slaves to Champion Soldiers :: American America History

From Oppressed Slaves to Champion SoldiersThis is just a small example of the question and hatred that was bestowed on the African American soldiers. However, during the war, they proved themselves to be brave and courageous men on and off the battlefield on some(prenominal) occasions. in spite of deep prejudices and harsh criticisms from the white society, these men were true champions of patriotism. The grow of the well-mannered War was tension between the North and the South. The sectional division between the areas began in colonial times, largely resulting from geographical differences. The South was ideal for evolution tobacco due to the warm climate and the fertile soil. Plantations brought in black slaves from Africa to provide nearly of the wear out required for growing the crop. In time, other orchard crops such as cotton, sugar cane, indigo, and sugar beets were to thrive in the South. By the onset of the Civil War, 2.4 million slaves were engaged in cotton produc tion (Long 16). A rural agency of life that supported an agrian economy based on slave labor was quickly established in the South. The North, however, was a cooler, rockier climate that would not support the development of plantations. As a result, the Norths economy came to depend more on mess and fabrication than on agriculture. This economy supported the growth of cities, although many lived in rural areas during the colonial period. The sectional division between North and South had widened staggeringly by the mid - 1800s. The United States had expanded all the behavior to the Pacific Ocean and was rapidly becoming a major industrial and commercial nation. However, industry and commerce were centered in the North. The Northerners welcomed modernization and the constant changes it brought to their way of life. Their ideals included hard work, education, economic independence, and the belief that the community had the right and responsibility to decide whether an bodily proce ss was moral or immoral. While Northerners looked forward to a several(predicate) and better future, Southerners held the present and past dear. They enjoyed a prosperous agricultural economy based on slave labor and wished to keep their old way of life.By the 1800s, northerners viewed slavery as wrong and began a movement to end it. Even though an antislavery nonage existed in the South, most Southerners found slavery to be exceedingly profitable and in time came to consider it a positive good.From Oppressed Slaves to Champion Soldiers American America HistoryFrom Oppressed Slaves to Champion SoldiersThis is just a small example of the doubt and hatred that was bestowed on the African American soldiers. However, during the war, they proved themselves to be brave and courageous men on and off the battlefield on many occasions. Despite deep prejudices and harsh criticisms from the white society, these men were true champions of patriotism. The cause of the Civil War was tension between the North and the South. The sectional division between the areas began in colonial times, largely resulting from geographical differences. The South was ideal for growing tobacco due to the warm climate and the fertile soil. Plantations brought in black slaves from Africa to provide most of the labor required for growing the crop. In time, other plantation crops such as cotton, sugar cane, indigo, and sugar beets were to thrive in the South. By the onset of the Civil War, 2.4 million slaves were engaged in cotton production (Long 16). A rural way of life that supported an agrian economy based on slave labor was quickly established in the South. The North, however, was a cooler, rockier climate that would not support the development of plantations. As a result, the Norths economy came to depend more on trade and industry than on agriculture. This economy supported the growth of cities, although many lived in rural areas during the colonial period. The sectional division betw een North and South had widened enormously by the mid - 1800s. The United States had expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean and was rapidly becoming a major industrial and commercial nation. However, industry and commerce were centered in the North. The Northerners welcomed modernization and the constant changes it brought to their way of life. Their ideals included hard work, education, economic independence, and the belief that the community had the right and responsibility to decide whether an action was moral or immoral. While Northerners looked forward to a different and better future, Southerners held the present and past dear. They enjoyed a prosperous agricultural economy based on slave labor and wished to keep their old way of life.By the 1800s, northerners viewed slavery as wrong and began a movement to end it. Even though an antislavery minority existed in the South, most Southerners found slavery to be highly profitable and in time came to consider it a positive good.

Galactosemia :: essays research papers

GalactosemiaGalactosemia is a genetically inherited metabolic disorder. This disorder leaves the disabled with a partial or complete lack of the enzyme Galactose 1 orthophosphate Uridyl Transferase (GALT). This enzyme is found in the bloodstream and it is used for breaking down the sugar galactose. This disorder comes in two different variations. Though there is more than unmatched type, it is still rare, having completely 1 in 80,000 bring forths being affected by the disorder.Classic Galactosemia is the first and more common form of the disorder. This is the form when the affected has a complete loss of the enzyme. Both parents must contribute a galactosemic gene for a child to receive this very deadly form of the disorder. Because the body has none of the enzyme needed to turn galactose into glucose an accumulation occurs that is like a poison and is highly fatal. Classic Galactosemia is treatable through a strict diet of absolutely no lactose or galactose. Some common food s containing these are dairy products, legumes, breast milk, and many other foods. A test for galactosemia is through at the time of birth with other tests. If left untreated 75% of infants will die. Some effects of having classic galactosemia include an enlarged liver, kidney failure, cataract, and brain damage.Duarte Galactosemia is the second form. This form is when there is only a partial loss of the enzyme. The activity is usually 25%-50% that of a normal child. A child can get this form of galactosemia by acquire a classic galactosemia gene from one parent and a duarte gene from the other. Much like classic galactosemia, duarte is found through a test done soon after birth. A strict diet is not needed for this form of the disorder. Instead a diet, it is recommended that lactose be slowly introduced untill normal white plague is accepted by the body. Because the affected can still process the foods, just not as well as a fully functional body.A person with no galactosemia rec eives two normal genes for production of the GALT enzyme in the bloodstream. This persons genotype is N/N and they have normal fully functioning enzyme activity. A letter carrier of classic galactosemia inheriets one affected gene and one non, this persons genotype is G/N. This person has less than normal enzyme activity, but nothing that requires a diet or medical treatment. A classic galactosemic has two classic galactosemia genes.

Antigone :: essays research papers

The debate over who is the tragic hero in Antigonecontinue on to this day. The belief that Antigone is the herois a strong one. There are umteen critics who recollect,however, that Creon, the Ruler of Thebes, is the trueprotagonist. I have made my own judgments also, based onwhat I have researched of this work by Sophocles. Antigoneis widely thought of as the tragic hero of the play bearing her pattern. She would seem to fit the part in light of the fact thatshe dies in doing what is right. She buries her palwithout worrying what might carry on to her. She "Takes intoconsideration death and the reality that may be beyonddeath" (Hathorn 59). Those who do believe that Antigonewas meant to be the true tragic hero argue against otherswho believe that Creon deserves that honor. They say thatthe Gods were against Creon, and that he did not truly lovehis country. "His patriotism is to narrow and negative and hisconception of justice is too exclusive... to be dignified by th ename of love for the state" (Hathorn 59). These arguments,and many others, make many people believe the Antigone isthe rightful protagonist. Many critics argue that Creon is thetragic hero of Antigone. They say that his noble tint is hiscaring for Antigone and Ismene when thier father waspersecuted. Those who stand behind Creon also argue thatAntigone never had a true epiphany, a key element in beinga tragic hero. Creon, on the other hand, realized his mistakewhen Teiresias made his prophecy. He is forced to live,knowing that three people are dead because of hisignorance, which is a penalty worse than death. Myopinion on this debate is that Antigone is the tragic hero. Shetries to help her brother without worrying about what willhappen to her. She says, "I intend to give my brother burial.Ill be glad to die in the attempt, -if its a crime, then its acrime that God commands" (Sophocles 4). She was alsopunished for doing what was right. Her epiphany came,hidden from the audience, before she hung herself. Creons"nobleness" of taking in young Antigone and Ismene isovershadowed by his egotistical nature. He will not allowjustice to come about simply because he wants to protect hisimage. He says, "If she gets by with this behavior, call mea woman and call her a man" (Sophocles 13). Theseelements prove that Antigone is the tragic hero. Creon,understanding his ignorance may lead one to believe that he

WHO CAN CATCH A LIAR?’, Ekman and O’Sullivan, 1991. Essay -- English L

WHO CAN CATCH A LIAR?, Ekman and OSullivan, 1991.What is the commentary of lying or indeed deception? Well deceptioncan be defined in many ways, but it was termed by Vrij (Vrij, 2000,p.6) as a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, withoutforewarning, to create in another a belief, which the communicatorconsiders to be untrue.Telling lies is a daily life event, which varies in instead complex waysdepending on the situation the person is in and the person being liedto. People lie for all kinds of reasons. However half the lies atomic number 18either selforiented, and be therefore intended to make the liarappear better or to gain personal advantage (DePaulo et al., 1996).Self orientated lies consist of people lying in order to avoidpunishment, to make a positive impression on others or to protectthemselves. Some lies ar otherorientated, to make another personfeel better or for anothers benefit.How can you tell if someone is lying to you? People broadly speaking believetha t nonverbal cues to deception exist and they know what these cuesare but how accurate are people at detecting lies?In laboratory studies concerning perception of deception, observers aregiven videotaped or audiotaped statements of various people who areeither lying or telling the truth. After each statement theparticipant is asked to say whether the statement are true or false.In most studies reported, people have not been very good at judgingwhen people are lying. Average accuracy in detecting deceit has rarelybeen above 60% with 50% being chance and most people have performedon a lower floor 50%.Studies revealed that in three separate experiments conducted by Krautand Poe (1980) DePaulo and Pfeifer (1986) and Ko... ...ussed in the appropriate section of the study, therefore thiscould be an area that could be further explored in the future.On the whole in conclusion, the study has established the extent towhich people are able to detect lies by observing physiologicalresponses. Mistakes in lie espial are inevitable, but perhaps withthe correct training, experience and motivation we may becomespecialists in detecting lies. But is this possible?.In my opinion in both theoretical and practical terms this is a soundwork on a vital subject. Although room for further research is needed.REFERENCES----------Aldert Vrij, (2002) Telling and discover Lies chapter 4, in NicolaBrace and Helen Westcott (ed) Applying Psychology The OpenUniversityJournal article Paul Ekman and Maureen OSullivan (1991) Who CanCatch A Liar Vol.46, no 9, pp.913-930

A Career as an Adoption Counselor Essay examples -- Career Research

Adoption is a process where by a person assumes the sustaining for another and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities from the biological p atomic number 18nt or parents. Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, borrowing is intended to effect a permanent change in location and as much(prenominal) requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Adoption has changed considerably over the centuries with its focus shifting from adult adoption and inheritance issues toward children and family creation its structure moving from recognition of continuity between the adopted and kin toward allowing relationships of lessened intensity. In modern times, adoption is a autochthonic vehicle serving the needs of homeless, neglected, abused and runaway children (Wikipedia, Adoption). Child, Family, and School Social Worker make average annual earnings of $38, 280. The employment of such social worker s is expected to grow by twenty percent between 2012 and 2020, per the BLS (Adoption). Some counselors find that because adoption touches on so many family issues, it evolves of course out of a more general practice. A difficult prejudice that adoption counselors face is the perception that they are baby stealers or baby sellers. A birth mother may require help making the difficult decision to give a child up for adoption. Many adoption counselors are social workers who have come to focus on adoption because they have had a personal experience with adoption (CFNC.org). This is somewhat the case in my situation. My parents were slightly to start the adoption process when my mom found out that she was pregnant. For Glory To, the most difficult time is when placement doesnt wor... ...heir own kids, they shouldnt panic, they may be able to adopt Works CitedAdoption Caseworker Job Description and Education Requirements. Education-Portal.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.CFN C.org - Career Profile. CFNC.org - Career Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.IVCC - Illinois Valley participation College. IVCC - Illinois Valley Community College. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.IVCC Sociology and Anthropology. IVCC Sociology and Anthropology. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.McKendree University. Marching Bearcat Band. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.McKendree University. McKendree University. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.The Process. California Kids Connection. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. Wikipedia contributors. Adoption. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 10 Feb. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.

The Character Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter :: Nathaniel Hawthorne

Hester Prynnes choice to control the meaning of the reddish earn transforms her from a dark and evil person to a compassionate woman. Her refusal to stop wearing the letter proves the letter has a different meaning rather than adultery. Hester Prynne transforms the meaning through her pricey deeds and deserved redemption. After some time, society begins to construe the scarlet letter as ?Able? rather than adulteress. From this process Hester creates a passionate identity. The scarlet letter claims Hester Prynne?s past but only she can determine whether it will benefit or hurt her future.Hester Prynne sees herself as a strong and autarkic woman. She realizes that she has committed a sin, and therefore she refuses to remove the A from her chest. She is determined to assortment her identity and the Puritan community?s views. For example, Hester Prynne does not attend church, nor does she believe in a religion. She sets herself apart from everyone else and chooses to live on the ou tskirts of town. Hester Prynne does what she feels is right and intends to wear the A as long as she needs to, to prove she controls the meaning of the scarlet letter and not society.The Puritan community?s views of Hester Prynne change throughout the novel. The community notices that Hester Prynne is a very responsible woman and a good mother. She singularly raises beading and makes her own living. Moreover, she sells things to provide for her?s and Pearl?s living costs. Hester Prynne performs many good deeds, such as feeding the poor. The responsibility, independence, and good deeds help change society?s views of Hester Prynne and her scarlet letter.The effects of the scarlet letter lie in the hands of Hester Prynne.

Cultural studies

? Literature is the mirror of life is one of the main quotes which our lecturer, Mr. Puveneswaran keep on telling to us in his every lesson. This quote answered my question which I asked myself since the first lesson of Literature in English. A great literature is the mirror upon which the realities of life are reflected. A term that used to describe written or spoken material is known as literature. By studying this subject, I could understand that literature is all to the highest degree the obsession with ideas and also a elbow room in which we can capture and interpret what has happened and is happening to us personally and to the world as a whole.Broadly speaking, the study of literature allows people to develop impertinently ideas and ethical standpoints and can help individuals to present themselves as educated members of society. There are many niggling stories that I have studied in this semester such as A Dream of China, The Mahogany Table, No Place For A Woman and so o n. As the requirement of my coursework, I choose two short stories such as Everythings Arranged and Dey Raju. This Everythings Arranged by Siew Yee Killingley tells about a Sri Lankan girl getd Rukumani having secret affair with a Ceylonese boy named Devanayagam while studying at University.Their secret affair discovered by their parents. Rukumani have struggle and suffer because of their family members, relatives and their community as they try to engender together in life. The Ceylonese, however educated, still hold to their tradition, beliefs and family values so adamantly. At the end their spousals was called off. Dey Raju by Saras M Manickam is a story about a boy named Raju. Rajus father arranged a marriage for him. Raju wrongly saw the bride. He refuses to get married because the lady that he fantasy his bride was fat.Amazingly, he pitch out that the fat lady was not his bride. His bride was beautiful. Raju got to know the truth and talked to his bride. They both lamb e ach other. According to Mathew Arnold, literary criticism is a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world. Using the theories and principles of theoretical criticism, the practical critic defines the standards of taste and explains, evaluates, or justifies a particular piece of literature.Since there are a few literary criticisms in those two short stories, I found cultural criticism is the nearly suitable one for those two short stories that I have been chosen. Cultural criticism is known as criticism or analysis of a specialised destination and society on a continuing basis with the end result being some sort of practical solution being found to fix any problems. In the Everythings Arranged short story, Indian culture is well depicted and portrayed. As a Ceylonese, Rukumanis parents believe that marriage is a spiritual thing and if a girl has an affair with a guy before marriage, it is considered as a sin.The girls shouldnt be in love before marriage. This can be clearly seen when a man who is a visitor to Rukumanis house said that When we were young our mother never mentioned the rule book marriage to any of my seven sisters until two days before they were to be married. Everything fixes first, then talk. We can know that they are very possessive and exposed to Indian culture that were truly practiced when Rukumanis mother scolded her by telling that Rukumani have been so brazen and shameless as to spoilt yourself with her beloved ones.Even though she protested herself that she never did anything wrong, her mother cried and told her not to tell about shameful things. I also found evidence for the culture that they belief where the girls shouldnt choose a guy as their life partner by themselves. For an example, How dare you choose somebody for yourself? wept her mother. Moreover, sex is an issue that cannot be mentioned in home. There was stated that Rukumanis parents liked to pretend Rukumani was too spiritual to know anything about sex and that topic was never mentioned at home.The Ceylonese, however educated, still hold to their tradition, beliefs and family values so adamantly. Education failed to change their thinking. Social life is a taboo for their young sons what more for a daughter. Dey Raju is one of the most favorite short stories of mine where I found the pure love between married to be couple. The cultural criticism in this short story is arranged marriage. Raju who works in Kuala Lumpur legitimate a telegram from his father states that Marriage arranged. Come immediately.Even though he hasnt seen his bride, he agreed to his fathers statement and went posterior to his hometown immediately by train without thinking for a second. When the mates at work ribbed Raju mercilessly about marrying a bride that he had never seen before, he said that Mine was traditional Indian culture with five thousand years of history. By golly, I was proud of it. This shows that Raju is still conservation and holds his Tamil culture which is arranged marriage. This is also can be clearly seen when an elderly neighbor from home, Auntie Rukku asked him whether he has set eyes on his bride and know his brides name ornot. Its our tradition, Auntie Rukku replied Raju. It is being a common thing to modern culture where people can find their own spouses and didnt depend on their parents but yet Raju follows the Indian culture. In a conclusion, I could understand more clearly and well about cultural criticism by see and interpreting those two short stories. I also able to know that the formal study of literature enables us to explain our responses to any text, allows us to develop the function of literature in an academic and a personal way.

Jean Watson’s Theory

As a nurse establishing a caring relationship with a client is not easy. dungaree Watson was the developer of a scheme, which emphasizes how nurses express likefulness to their unhurrieds. In this paper the author will discuss denim Watsons theory, background, descriptions of her four concepts environment, piece being, care for, and health, also describe of an actual nurse-client relationship which includes the description of the caring moment between a nurse and her 10 year older patient, which includes the caring moment and use of four of Watsons carative factors.Jean Watson was born in a small town Appalachia Mountains of West Virginia on 1940. In 1961 she graduated from The Lewis Gale School of nursing. She earned her bachelors degree in 1964, and her masters degree in psychiatric and psychical health nursing in 1966. Later in 1973 she obtained her PhD in educational psychology and counseling (Nursing Theory, 2012). Watsons theory is grounded by ten processes known as t he Caritas Processes these 10 statements helped to provide and ethic or philosophy from, which we practice.Caritas represent charity, compassion, and generosity of spirit (Arslam & Azkan, 2012). It connotes something very fine, indeed, something precious that needfully to be cultivated and sustained. The original theory developed in 1979 was organized around ten carative factors (Arslam & Azkan, 2012). Jean Watsons carative factors were a combination of interventions that were related to the charitable care process with full participation of the nurses with the patient. Watsons philosophy and sciences of caring addresses how nurses express care to their patients.According to her theory, caring buttocks be demonstrated and undecomposed by nurses. feel for for patients promotes growth a caring environment accepts a person as he or she is and looks to what she or he may fetch (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). Watsonss theory of caring has for major factors human being, hea lth, environment, and nursing (Nursing Theory, 2012). To Watson a human being was not only a clay, hardly we should view a human as a whole, including their emotions (Arslam & Azkan, 2012).Watson believed a person should be understood, respected, and assisted by a nurse (Arslam & Azkan, 2012). She described health as the unity of the body, mind, and soul (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). Watson described environment as the things that film the client feel comfortable that provides safety, reduces stress, and a clean place (Nursing Theory, 2012). This can include the work setting and how nurses present themselves to the client. She views nursing as a human science where we can combine art ethics of human to human process.Nurses are to promote health, pr until nowt illness, caring of the sick and returned health (Arslam & Azkan, 2012). According to Watson, the nurses role is to establish a caring relationship with the patient this is achieved by the nurse going beyond an obj ective assessment (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). During the relationship at that place is a moment when the nurse and the patient father together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created, Watson called this occasion the Caring Moment (Arslam & Azkan, 2012).Working as a genial health nurse I have been able to develop a nurse-client relationship with my patients. However, there is a specific case that I will never forget the interaction with this patient makes me relate to Watsons theory and the caring moment she describes in her theory. One evening working as a foment nurse in the chelarens unit, Sarah a 10 year-old African American girl arrived to the unit via ambulance she was coming directly from school where she was put on a 72- hour involuntary psychiatric hold because of her cutting her wrist with a blade and saying she wanted to die.That day, her two years older sister had describe to her physical education teacher in school that her and her sis ter were both been sexually abused by their biological father at home. Immediately child services were notified and m every(prenominal) school counselors attempted to talk to Sarah while still in school to get her side of the story but Sarah refused to plow any information with anyone, instead she showed the school staff herself inflicted cuts on her both wrists saying This helps my pain. At this moment the school called the department of mental health to evaluate Sarah.When she arrived to the unit, she looked confused, scared, and cernuous at times. She was still refusing to talk to anyone when asked about the situation stating I just want to die. I introduced myself to Sarah with a smile, I explained to her she was put on a psychiatric hold and let her know what was coming next during the admission process to reduce her anxiety direct (Townsend, 2008). The caring moment begins while doing Sarahs nursing assessment and the question of her been sexually abuse had to come, when I asked her she states, You are so pretty and nice can I stay and live here with you? In that moment my heart comes to my stomach and my eyes become watery, I stayed quite not knowing what to answer. Few seconds of silence came and suddenly she starts sharing information and even giving details of her sexual abuse from her fathers part. The information she gives me is very explicit and shocking coming from an innocent ten year old girl. Then she stands up and hugs me saying I want to stay her with you please. I hugged her back and began crying inconsolable with Sarah, unforgettable, and priceless moment has marked my nursing line of achievement in a way that I know a nurse has to be sensitive to herself and to others.During nurse- client interaction with Sarah I used four of Jean Watsons carative factors. The fist carative factor I used was the installation of faith-hope, which means been authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system (Arslam & Azkan, 201 2). I tried to make Sarah feel comfortable by providing a quiet and calm place to perform her nursing assessment. I also tried to provide hope to her by making her feel cared for, I asked her if she was hungry and offered her some juice and some snacks, and I admired the beautiful hair and smile.I asked her about her relationship with her overprotect and sister and asked her if she believed they loved her. I asked her these questions so she can reflect and realized there was people that loved and cared for her (Townsend, 2008). The second carative factor I implemented was the emergence of a helping-trusting human caring relationship that implies developing and sustaining a helping-trusting authentic relationship (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012).I implemented this factor by obtaining Sarahs trust so she can express her feelings of her living situation at home which was extremely important to understand her situation and provide quality care and an individualized treatment. I maintain intermittent eye contact so she would feel acknowledge but not intimidated and I maintained myself at her height level at all times so she would not feel powerless (Townsend, 2008).I explained to her the admission process at her age level letting her know as much as possible what to expect from the hospitalization and explain the program guidelines to her. I reassured her many times she was in a safe environment. The third carative factor I used was the promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive(p) and negative feelings, to Watson this means being present to, and validating of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012).Sarahs case was a very sensitive case which required the nurse to be very cautious in not making Sarah feel blame or suppose for the situation, taking into consideration this a 10 year old with multiple self inflicted cuts in he r wrist, she is feeling suicidal and there was a possibility of aflame and physical trauma. Even though it was extremely important to ask Sarah about her cuts and possible abused from her father I distinguishable to focus on her positive feelings asking her about her siblings for example.Per hospital protocol within the first 15 minutes of arrival patients are required to go through a body search to check for any contraband, signs of abuse or self harm. During this physical assessment I saw Sarahs cuts, I had to ask her if she had cut herself and flavor down she shake her head up and down. I stayed calm paying attention to my body language and gestures, a negative facial expression or gesture toward her behavior of cutting herself could have had a negative effect on the nurse-client relationship affecting her trust toward myself (Townsend, 2008).In that moment I decided not to focus on finding out the reason she had to cut herself. I was there for Sarah listening to her, attentiv e in a calm environment, where she matt-up protected and cared for. I did not want her to feel pressured or judge. Later during the assessment she began speaking of her cuts and expressing her feelings. The fourth carative factor I used in Sarahs care, which is the cultivation of sensitivity to oneself and to others. To Watson this meant the cultivation of ones spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012).I personally been a mother of a seven-year old at that time I immediately felt that need to protect her and make her feel safe. During the nursing assessment there was a moment where I became tearful when she was sharing details about the sexual abuse describing how sometimes she would rather urinate in her bed to bar making noise so her father would not wake up and abused her that particular night. I became sensitive to her story, it was impossible not to show any emotions.In personal reflection the nurse-client relatio nship with Sarah taught me that a nurse needs to cared for her patient and have compassion, which to me is what nursing is about compassion, and empathy. I was able to obtain Sarahs trust which is extremely important not only in nursing over all but when dealing with trauma patients. Sarah was able to express her feelings and share crucial information with me. Personally I discovered I was meant to be a mental health nurse I felt rewarded when Sarah hugged me and cried with me.I believed I made a difference in her life in that moment she felt safe and cared for. The author in this paper has described the four concepts of Jean Watsons theory human being, environment, health, and nursing. Watsons educational background and caritas model were briefly described. The author included an actual nurse-client relationship between a mental health nurse and a ten year old, including the caring moment and describing the implementation of four of the ten carative factors Jean Watson developed.Re ferencesArslam, A., & Azkan, A. (2012, March). A model Where Caring and meliorate MeetsWatsons theory of Human Caring. Turkish Journal of Researcher and development in nursing, 14(2), 61-72. Nursing Theory. (2012). Jean Watson. Retrieved from http//www.nursing-theory.org Townsend, M. (2008). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA F.A Davi. Watson Caring Science Institute. (2012). Jean Watsons Theory. Retrieved from http//www.watsoncaringscience.org

Recognise the impact of prejudice Essay

Three of the examples of prejudice or stereotyping in Task 9 and come across what strategies/methods as a community interpreter would use to influence/educate agencies in overcoming these barriers. Write about what systems agencies already have in place to curb these particular barriers.Example 1 The Iranian Interpreter, how would you deal with this situation in a professional manner?StrategyGet to know a psyche on an individual basis before you decide if you fatiguet like them. Youre not going to like everyone, but you do motivating to respect them as an individual and spend time with them before you make a judgment. You need to realize that your way isnt the only way.Example 2 People who came from an Arab background and who attended mosques were looked at differently. This means that people you passed every day on the street were given a discrimination.This is not fair intercessionStrategyLearn about different cultures and people to understand differences between yourself and others. As you learn more, you can relate to other people better even when differences exist. You need to go where you are in the minority and experience what it is like to be in that situation.Example 3Many people have the positioning of a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone.StrategyBe respectful of differences. You need to be able to agree to disagree. Even if you dont have eye contact with each other, you will feel and know that their attitudes and behavior.

Being a teenager Essay

Being a stripling is one of the toughest and most memorial things that one goes through in life. A teenager goes through many happy terms and many depressing times. Stress, depression, and peer pressure, are some negative things that a teenager goes through in life. Friends and date are joyful times that teenagers face in the adolescent years in todays time.Tension, assay and depression affects everyone at one time or another in their life. A death in the family, arguing with and losing a friend, being bullied or teased, peer pressure to wear certain types of uniform or hairs, try tobacco, alcohol or drugs, are all factors that can create stress, and may cause uncertainty and depression. There are many causes of stress such as lack of affection and tension from parents, loneliness and low self esteem. Low self-esteem can be a major paradox for teens because of the importance placed on looks and achievement in our society today. According to Patricia Shapiro in A Parents Guide to Childhood and Adolescent Depression (1994) three to sextette million children under the age of 18 may suffer from clinical depression. Thousands of others probably experience less serious bouts of stress and depression although most such cases go untreated and unreported. Large amounts of homework or overdue assignments can be overwhelming. School can be very stressful because you may heart rejected by peers or criticized and embarrassed by teachers. A healthy part of every childs development is involvement with their peers. This is especially unfeigned during adolescence as teenagers develop a sense of independence from their parents. Members of the peer group often dress alike. They talk about similar things, like the same music, express joy at the same jokes and share secrets. Adolescents spend much of their time away from home, whether at school, social events, or the homes of their friends.

Essay for Movie Roger and Me

Summer Bajwa 211510526 integ grassed America Socio-economic Downf on the whole Date October 30, 2012 Roger and me is an eye-opening stance of dark part of Capitalism. Michael Moores accusative is a courageous attempt to unfold the damages, caused by Capitalistic mentality of the time laying off 30,000 machine workers in an American city, granitic for the bluff purpose of profit. Moores presentation unfold the pathos of a society, suffers through the years of loss and sorrow. He showed how the American dream shattered. Moore, an Irish American Catholic, parole of a middle class G.M. employee, observed the grammes of layoffs in Flint and the aftermath of the greed of General Motors, move from Flint to Mexico for cheap labour. He interviewed some auto workers as disguised TV journalist and found their intense revolt against GM chairman, Roger B. Smith. Moore attempted to confront him, but he failed to see him personally, nevertheless, he kept trying to get a chance to meet him . He interviewed an autoworker, who suffered nervous breakdown due to getting laid off, living in mental health facility.He showed in the movie all failed attempts of economically stabilize the city, such as, Flint convention and visiting bureau Hyat Regency Hotel Auto World and Water Street Pavilion. US President Ronald Reagan, an Evangelist, Robert Schuler, Pat Boone, Bob,E. He attended GM Shareholders convention, but shut him off by Smith, the general manager and also cosmos ridiculed by Smiths board members. He met as well some female residents of Flint. A radio host joined Amway, as a sales woman and another resident, Rhonda Briton started selling dassies.He showed the loss and sorrow of the residents, who got eviction notices from their Municipalities, i. e. immediate eviction during Christmas Eve. Moore shows in his documentary film the apathy and reserve of the riches and the devastation and anguish for the poors. He exemplified a resident, who lost her job from GM plant s, started raising rabbits for income and what Roger Smith did to the people of Flint, sums up the relationship between the employer and their employees.The rabbit woman states she raises the rabbits to the age of four months and then kills them that way, they are nice and tender. At one point in the interview, she is holding a rabbit, caressing it ever so softly and then states indirectly that this one will be her dinner. She proceeds to kill, skin, and gut the rabbit in front of the camera. This straggles a haunting visual mental image in the mind of the viewer, showing that there is no difference from what GM has done to Flint and what she does to rabbits.What employers cannot understand is that human beings are not like rabbits and should not be treated as such. General Motors chairman Roger B. Smith announced the closure of Flint Auto plants and to shift to Mexico for cheaper labor. GMs board of directors, led by Roger Smith, determined to move to Mexico to reduce the wage a nd benefit expense of GM. Showing this it was obvious that lots of Americans are socially brain-washed into believing that global competition and corporate retrenchment is good for America.During one part of the film, as a majority of GM employees are cheering as the last truck rolls off the assembly line, a male GM employee comments, wherefore are they cheering? Theyve just lost their jobs. Moore shows his disgust and help public to see the real picture of the hidden intent. GM tried to justify its move through ad Propaganda to get support of general public. Thats why a part of public was cheering of GM move it was a same fiction in the neighboring country, Canada. A majority Government passed the bill of free trade with US and later with Mexico, which called NAFTA.To qualify public opinion about the ferocious act of Free Trade, the Government justified it with statistical data of increasing trade (Policy and Partisanship). Hundreds and thousands of big companies left Canada an d wane up in states or Mexico. It was big economic whipping in those years. The Government imposed GST to recover the losses because of NAFTA. Unemployment rate in Most of the provinces change magnitude to the alarming level. In Flint, a city of auto plants faced major economic and social upheavals. Due to this shift by GM to Mexico, thirty thousand workers got unemployed.It caused Flints crime rate skyrockets, with use of weapons and murders. Crime becomes so common that when a TV channel tries to do a live story on the plant closings, someone steals the networks van (along with the cables), abruptly stopping the broadcast. Living in Flint becomes so desperate that it is commonly called Flint as the pip place to live in America. In terms of jobs inside a country, supreme executive authority gets a mandate from the citizens of the state, not from the corporations.Corporations, especially Corporate America, have usually nothing to do with the livelihood of the work force to gain economic power. It is much more interested in the stockholders profit margin. Why do we allow corporations to replace our liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for the individual in favor of the stockholder? How can the employees even know what their rights are, if they are working in excess of 50 hours a week? Isnt it about time we start changing the basic structure of corporate America?We may restrict US corporations to own or lease, stock or property in foreign countries and to keep foreign corporations from manipulating the US economy. Any foreign corporation must not to be allowed to own or lease, stock or property in America. This way we could reverse the trend of outsourcing jobs to the cheapest third world country, force corporations to start manufacturing products at bottom their own nation, and stop corporations from dictating policy in their own country and other nations. Moore shows in his movie how riches get richer and poor get poorer.This is a distressful depiction of Corporate America. This closure of GM auto factories cost hundreds and thousands job-loss lack of funds at Municipal level to use for welfare of the residents and run the citys general works. Despite of GM decision-making of its move to Mexico, Chrysler, Chief, Iacocca, borrowed money from US Government to regain his dying company. He would have a choice to leave US and find cheaper labor in Mexico, but he introduced two affordable cars for general public. Chrysler did a great business and paid off all loans and gain lots of profit.It created jobs and circulate money within US. On the other hand, greedy, GM chairman, Smith, moved out to Mexico to have cheaper labor in cost of socio-economic fiasco in Flint, Michigan. The city has not enough funds to spend on garbage removal. The city health department holds a press conference and announces that the rat population in Flint has surpassed the human census. The department blames it on the fact that the city can only afford to pick up the garbage twice a month and offers a bounty for every dead rat brought in by a city resident.Eventually, Moore approached Smith and confronted to ask him to visit Flint and could see the devastation by himself. He mentioned how the residents of Flint, who couldnt pay their rent, were evicted from their houses. Moore failed to convince, GM Chairman, Smith to bring him in Flint. He proclaimed that as we neared the end of the twentieth century, as the rich got richer and the poor got poorer, and it was truly the dawn of a new era. At the end film displays the message This film cannot be shown within the city of Flint, followed by All the movie theatres have closed. It was a bold attempt to give an eye-opening message to the countrys law makers the clay needs to be overhauled and revise the boundaries and limitations of corporate America. Citation Christopher Waddell, Policy and Partisanship on the Campaign Trail How Mulroney Works His Magic Twice, ch. 1 of R. B. Blake, Transform ing The population Canada and Brian Mulroney (2007) at p. 22 E-Notes Encyclopedia of Business, U. S. -Canada Free Trade Agreement of 1989

Ben-Hur and Messala

Full of surprising actions, difficult compromises, and bitter defeats, Ben-Hur tells the bosh of a Jewish prince, Judea Ben-Hur, born(p) around the clipping of Jesus saviour in capital of Israel. Judea is childhood friends with a Roman boy named Messala. The deep bond between the two is a point clearly make in the beginning of the movie. The movie swiftly melts ahead over 20 years to a metre when Rome has invaded Jerusalem. Ben-Hur is still a prince and regarded still with value though he no longer rules the land.After years of separation, Ben-Hur and Messala have a joyful reunion and once again begin to reinvigorate the bonds of friendship. Exposition as they walk around fountain with the women discussing their y bulgeh lets us know Messala was almost a part of the Ben-Hur family. E rattlingthing is sweet with talk of old times yet ace still accepts the feeling that Messala is a bad guy as he discusses turning Libya to ashes in front of the women and soon after as he tries to demand Judea to turn in fellow Jews. Messala is looking to climb the ladder of power and he begs for Ben-Hurs help in getting rid of Jewish rebels.When Ben-Hur refuses, Messala uses an calamity to place Ben-Hur under arrest. He is sent away as a galley slave for use on Roman ships. After saving the carriage of the Roman Counsel Quintus Arrius, Ben-Hur is freed from slavery and adopted by the high-ranking Roman. Judea Ben-Hur, driven by obtaining revenge on Messala, decides he essential leave his new friends and family and drive away to Jerusalem. The longing to find his sister and begin are as strong as his need for revenge. After leaving Rome, Ben-Hur finds that Messala is now a famed carry racer in Jerusalem.Fate has Ben-Hur meeting an Arab dude who owns a chariot al genius whose rider is inadequate. This Arab offers Ben-Hur the chance to ride in a chariot driven by four of the finest horses he has ever seen in competition against Messala, hoping winning against the wickedness ex-friend will be revenge enough for Ben-Hur. After politely rejecting the offer, Judea heads back to his Jerusalem home in hope of finding his revenge and his family. But instead, Ben-Hur returns to find his home in disarray and his family still gone.His slaves, however, remain and they have hidden Ben-Hurs wealth. Esther, the slave daughter he freed years before is still there, almost waiting for him to return. Fate once again steps in, and Judea winds up on the sheiks chariot in the great chariot race of Jerusalem. Taking up almost twenty minutes of screen time, this ultra-dramatic and occasionally gory sentiment finds Ben-Hur the victor in the end. Thinking his family dead(p) and his nemesis not only beaten but also mortally wounded, Ben-Hur finally believes the end of his torments may be close at hand.But Messala, despite knowing he is near death, still refuses to concede defeat. He requests a visit from Ben-Hur. It is then that Messala tells Ben-Hur that his famil y is a survive and living as lepers in the valley. The obvious fresh pain he brings to his one-time friend seems to please Messala as Ben-Hur is once again filled with agonizing reality. Esther and Ben-Hur soon bring his mother and sister out of the valley and into the city where they are pelted with rocks. Soon though, attention shifts to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.Ben-Hur recognizes Christ. He cannot understand why he is being tortured so and Ben-Hur thrashes through the crowd in order to get closer. He is able to bring Jesus a wooden cup of water and when he sits in front of the wounded Christ to offer the drink, Ben-Hur looks into Christs eyes and it is obvious something deep has passes between them. The crucifixion complete, we see Christs blood being washed down the hillside where Esther and Ben-Hurs family have taken shelter in cave. It is this night that finds Ben-Hur finally attaining peace.Ben-Hur has probably been described as a ask of epic proportions more times th an the sun has risen since its birth. Nevertheless, epic it is. do on a grand scale, Ben-Hur is a story of good and evil which is often as clear as in childrens legend. For example, for centuries most mass associate the color vacuous with good and sinister with bad. Messala, the enemy of Ben-Hur wears black clothing and has black horses in the great chariot race while Ben-Hurs are clothes are light and his horses white.Yet, it is also a tale that makes one wonder if good and evil are actually as clearly defined as we have been led to believe. Though it is in the circumstance most often, religion plays a big part of this movie. Just like in the modern world where religious fanatics abound, there were legion(predicate) conflicting beliefs two centuries ago. While the movie, in my opinion, could have made the Romans the evildoers simply for their different beliefs, it never stoops that low. Instead, the movie shows that greed is evil and that acceptance of others unlike oneself is what makes all humans good.Messala disparages Jews to Ben-Hur frequently, but it is not that which makes him evil. It is Messalas corrupt ways, selfish actions, and unrepentant heart that make him evil. Not only does the movie compare and contrast Messala and Ben-Hur, it also strives to compare Ben-Hur with Jesus. They were born around the same time, they were good men with great things in their futures. But the pain of one found him seeking blood for blood where the other professed people should fight oppression and evil with love and peace. With cunning subtlety, the live of Jesus is intermingled with Ben-Hurs.We never see Jesus face, nor do we ever hear him speak. But, we do get the ideas Jesus professed through other characters such as Balthazar and Esther. We hear of the types of choices Jesus would make and we witness the one Ben-Hur makes. Judea is absolutely potent as he dialogue of how freedom will ring so loudly when Rome falls. We know his choice is to fight, violent ly if need be for what he wants. Yet Jesus is powerful too, as we hear his words of peaceful action through others. Compared to Messala, Ben-Hur is the opposite of evil.But, when compared to Jesus, BenHur is also an opposite. This is where the lines of good vs. evil are less clear than say white and black. It is almost as if the movie wanted us to see Messala as the ultimate evil, Jesus as the ultimate good, and Ben-Hur as the fallible human who must live every day between the two. This pull of both is obvious quite often in Ben-Hurs life. First he must occupy between being a loyal friend and a loyal leader, then he must choose between killing those who would have him dead and remaining alive for the future.He makes life-altering choices based on emotion only many times. The ship scene where Ben-Hur is unlocked prior to being rammed turns into him saving as many other slaves as he can, despite risking his own life by remaining in the ships hold is not only graphic but very emotiona l. And soon after, he not only kills another to save the life of Quintus Arrius, he saves him again by refusing to allow Quintus Arrius to kill himself by suicide. No adroit on this time period, I found this movie to be extremely accurate historically.From the clothing to the architecture of ships and buildings to the desolate desert settings, they all rang fairly true. If occasionally, one could image a particular shot taken on a movie lot, there were hundreds of others that felt perfectly real that could make you forget a second or two of falseness. It seemed that very detailed attention was given to even minor aspects of the film. For instance, Ben-Hurs hairstyle was decidedly Roman after his months spent in the empires capital. The make up of the women was very detailed too, as were the many wounds shown in the war between ships.Also, the instant where the slave must move the Baton of Victory closer to the emperor reach so that the emperor would save mere inches of movement ran g quite true and a tad funny. every great epic must have a great ending. Ben-Hur certainly does. This is when Judea is finally reunited with his family and he brings them into to Jerusalem where they see Christ being tortured as he carries the cross. In his pain a look of peace Ester mutters softly as Judea struggles to get close to Jesus.Soon after, the blood of Jesus that runs down the hillsides as the pelting pours down heals Judeas family miraculously. Esther was going to leave Ben-Hur as his thirst for vengeance was turning him to stone until a look from Jesus and a few of the crucified preacher mans words rid Judea of the pull toward evil completely. The happily ever after ending can read like a childrens fable and feel a little unrealistic as well. But, one has to consider that with all the torment the main characters in this film had to endure in their lives, a little artistic license is understandable.This version of Ben-Hur was a great success. It remains on many lists as one of the top 100 films of all time and is still discussed frequently among moviegoers and critics alike. The famous chariot race scenes in the later half of the movie are recognizable even to many that have never seen the entire film. No doubt this film can be considered a success when fifty years later it is still being watched, still is recognizable, and its actions scenes are still being emulated (Think of the pod-race in Star Wars The Phantom Menace).Another aspect of measuring its success is that while some of the scenes are obviously shot on a filming lot (Ben-Hurs home after his return from Rome, close-up shots during the dramatic race are the first scenes to come to mind) the yieldion itself was an amazing undertaking. Made in the days before computers could enhance, fix, and modify any image, the drama accomplished is admirable. Thousands of people at a time in some shots and the final product came together in a way that ends up looking so smooth, but must have been qu ite an undertaking to realize.The most recent business of Titanic, a massive success in its own right, had fifty years of technology at is disposal and yet its computer generated people aboard the luxurious cruise liner with their stiff movements and bodies and clothing without details cannot hold a candle to the thousands of extras used to fill a Jerusalem arena as they cheer for Ben-Hur, line roman streets for a tribute to the returning Quintus Arrius, fill a hillside from all directions to listen to the words of Jesus Christ, or follow Christ as he takes his last tortured steps through Jerusalem with the heavy wooden cross on his back.Technology has been wonderful to the movie industry, but Ben-Hur stands out even today because it is able to touch the audience intensely without the use of modern tools. The realistic touches, such as the thousands of extras involved, the intelligent decision to parallel the live of Jesus while still keeping his character in the background, and t he still exciting chariot scenes are only a part of the reason this film is a monumental success still.

Enginineer Economic and Costing Essay

The HKSAR judicature announced to the humans on 24 October 2006 that the former site of Hong Kong International Airport (Kai Tak Airport) would be redeveloped as an international sheet hub. The whole calculate included devil sub projects, Site formation and journey terminal and ancillary facilities building.In project liveing Inflation factor is utilize as refer to government inflation index in 2009 (2%) and 2010 (2.7%). As the reason of project postponed, the total woo increased nearly one one thousand million dollars comp atomic number 18d to the original plan due to re co-occurrenceing and ASD government requirements. Within project costing considerations, maintenance cost in change flow come forth is estimated to be roughly 221.9 one million million million per year from 2013.For project revenue, two main factors found on heady rent from tenant quadruplet ($13 million for ten year tenancy) and variable rent from percentages of annual gross receipt. Minimum refre shing rate of egress (MARR) was also used and accounted for from Exchange memory to calculate present worth summary as well as benefit and cost ratio of proposed development.Aside from economic and cost based justifications for project analysis, third main factors of social impacts are also considered in competitiveness in the journey market, handicraft opportunity, as well as promoting sustainability from an environmental prospective.Overall, the demand for worldwide passenger levels are ever growing, to farm the international image of Hong Kong, the proposal of building the Kai Tak Cruise terminal is feasible when considerations come into swordplay for combination in socio-economic factors.1BackgroundIn analyzing the Kai Tak Cruise death, we analyzed the socioeconomic implications for the development plan. The HKSAR government announced to the public on 24 October 2006 that the former site of Hong Kong International Airport (Kai Tak Airport) would be reissued for tender and to the redevelopment of reclaimed land that encompass 7.6 hectares with a general development cost estimate of roughly $8.2 billion.A apprize background of the Kai Tak area is that it is the site of the former Hong Kong Kai Tak International Airport located in Kowloon side of Hong Kong. collect to the sensitivity of limited land availability and urban density characteristics in Hong Kong, many rounds of deliberation and homework review by the government was unavoidable to finally approve the decision of developing the Cruise end point. Ultimately, the recent Cruise Terminal installing will serve as a mix use facility to non only serves Hong Kongs resurgence as an ecotourism destination, nevertheless a place for exhibitions and alternate venues as well.2 represent and Revenue Analysis2.1Project Costing and InvestmentSince the fail of tender in 2008, the government decided to persist in with the Design, Build and Lease (DBL) approach. The initial investiture includes t wo sub-projects Site formation and Cruise terminal & ancillary facilities building were original estimated costing $7.2 billion based on the price in 2008. However, the twisting cost in general had surged signifi bottomlandtly in 2009 due to sharp increase of numerous materials cost akin sand and steel reinforcement ect.Finally the cost for Site formation roughly estimated as $2.30 billion with inflation factor 2% applied. This part starts from 2009 and will finish in 2017. One year later, the construction of Cruise terminal and ancillary facilities building started and the inflation factor increase to 2.7%. The cost roughly estimated as $5.85 billion. Thus the total initial investment cost becomes $8.15 billion which is around one billion difference of opinion to the original plan due to price infraction. The cash flow out show as on a lower floorpicThe 1st pier will be commenced to public in 2013 Q2 (2nd pier will be afterward 2017). Thus using 201213 FY as reference point and assume MARR to be 4.9 %, whereas the initial investment cost used after 2013 will also be calculated to the present value in 2013 for comparison. Therefore, the total initial investment of Cruise Terminal will be $8.1 billion. PW(I) = 8.1 billion (Refer to addition Table 1)beyond the initial investment, the government estimates the annual recurrent expenditure arising from site formation to be $15.5 million and from sail terminal & ancillary facilities building to be $206.4 million. Thus the total maintenance costs will be $221.9 Million per year after the terminal commences to the public. pic2.2Project RevenueDirect renting revenue to the governmentIn 2011, HKSAR launched an open tender for the tenancy. The Tender Assessment Panel considered that the Worldwide Cruise Terminals Consortium (WCT)s tender had complied the tender requirements. And the Central Tender Board approved the acceptance of WCTs tender with renting particular proposition as followingWCT will pay to the govern ment a fixed Rent of approximately $13 million for the 10-year tenancy. The Government will be also received a percentage of the gross receipt of the instrument as the variable rent. The percentages of the annual gross receipt to be shared with the Government by WCT are as downstairs pic3Evaluation of Economic Viability3.1Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR)To on a lower floorstand the economic viability of carrying out this project, valuation was conducted by applying the money-time relationships and the concept of Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR). Average investment authorise of the Exchange Fund which is managed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) was chosen as the MARR in the analysis.The Exchange Funds primary objective is to affect the exchange value of the currency of Hong Kong. The Exchange Fund whitethorn also be used to maintain the stability and integrity of Hong Kongs monetary and financial systems, and can be invested in any securities or other a ssets to achieve investment return.According to the HKMA, the average return of the Fund was 3.5% over the last three years, 3.2% over the last five years, 4.9% over the last 10 years and 5.6% since 1994. In our analysis, the 10-year average investment return, which is 4.9%, was selected to be the MARR.The annual return of the Fund from 1994 to 2011 is shown in Appendix Table 2 shows the 2011 investment return and the average investment returns of the Fund over a bet of different time horizons.The Kai Tak Cruise Terminal ProjectAccording to the HKSAR government, the total capital investment required for the project is HKD 8156 million and the estimated annual recurrent expenditure is HKD 221.9 million. The annual income will come from a fixed rent for the 10-year operation as well as a variable rent with the percentage of the operators gross receipts. The maximum percentage will be 34% when the gross receipts are great than HKD 90 million.3.2Evaluation of the Project by Present Wo rth method (PW)In our analysis, we first applied the Present Worth (PW) method, which is commonly used for evaluating private financed projects. Our aim is to find out the operators annual gross receipt required so that the project can be considered to be economically justified if public benefits are not included in the reckoning.By using the PW method, all cash flows and outflows are discounted to the present point in time at the determined MARR (4.9%). The PW is required to be greater or equal to zero if a project is to be considered as economically justified. In our calculation, the evaluation period is 10 years and assuming that the annual recurrent expenditure is a fixed cut amount. To estimate the operating revenue of the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, reference to the operating revenue of Port Everglades in unify State was made. Port Everglades is one of the three busiest cruise ports in the world. In 2010, its operating revenue from cruise sector was about USD 45.7 million (HKD 356.5 million).From the result of the calculation, the present value (2013-2014) is HKD 8846 million (PW 0) (refer to Table 3), which also operator that the project is not economically justified when the public benefits are not included. The information used for the calculation and the cash flow are shown in Appendix Table 3. In addition, our analysis showed that the operators first annual gross receipts need to be HKD 3193 million (nearly nine-fold more than Port Everglades) and therefore have 4% annual increase for PW to be greater than zero. Achieving this level of income is extremely difficult if not impossible.Table 3 Present equivalent of cash flowIn next section, Benefit Cost balance method, which is commonly used for evaluating public projects by considering public benefits, is applied in the analysis.3.3B/C RatioOverall economic benefit to Hong KongSurely the government does not focus on the renting income but the overall economic benefit to Hong Kong. The project lea ds the development of the Cruise Economy which adds additional value to tourism, sell & dinning, travel trade and hotel etc. Based on the estimation from Tourism commission for latest cruise passengers expenditure data and multiplier effect, the cruise industry will bring following economic benefits to Hong Kong under different scenariosThe low growth scenario assumes growth brought by regional cruise operators developing cruise serve with Hong Kong as homeport. The high growth scenario assumes growth brought by international cruise operators developing cruise operate with Hong Kong as a homeport and port-of-call.We have calculated the B/C ratio for different scenarios as below with following assumptions1) Interest rate is 4.9%2) The government only gets $13 million rent3) The Cruise Terminal continuous to operation till following yearTherefore, even under low growth scenario, some(prenominal) conventional and modified B/C ratio greater than 1 after the Cruise Terminal continuou s to operation over ten years, this project is worth to proceed.4Social Impacts4.1Higher competitiveness in cruise marketsCompared to strike and Singapore where the cruise terminals have been further developed, Hong Kongs cruise market would be highly restrain if maintained at the original level. Because Hong Kong will require an additional berth between 2009 and 2015, and one to two berths beyond 2015 to sustain its development as a regional cruise hub in Asia Pacific region.4.2Increase of employment chancesCruise vessels homeport at Hong Kong will create job opportunities in related industries including hotel, catering, shipping management, shipping supplies and insurance. It may support some 6900 to 10900 employment opportunities in 2020.4.3Environmental impactsThe terminal had obtained Platinum rating in BEAM increase Project Assessment in 2012, which means a high level achievement in three Green aspects (energy saving, quality of indoor environment, and environmental impact s to neighbors)5ConclusionFrom studies of worldwide passenger demand levels, it is estimated that there is a steady increase from 13.9 million to roughly 23.8 31.5 million by 2020. Although, this is a world estimate and Hong Kong is only short spectrum of the world, there is seemingly enough evidence from cruise terminal consultancy for Asia region to instill a sure growth for Hong Kong. Overall, the project does not show promise economically with recurrent expenditures with operational revenues. It should be tell that the facility does not imply with an overall picture depicted in the B/C ratio. Therefore, to promote Hong Kongs international image and standstill in the international sector, the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal is a practicable option for Hong Kongs bright future.

Jorge Luis Borges: the Blind Man

Tyreak Kellem Hispanic Literature- Spring Semester, 2013 Narrative Exam Horacio Xaubet Narrative Exam I I. Jorge Luis Borges (a. ) in every story the suspensors argon thousands, visible and invisible, living and dead. The protagonist is the leading character of a story, novel or any literary work. A protagonist is alike defined in the ultramodern sense as a supporter or advocate of a social or governmental cause. The Protagonist is the primary figure of any narrative and the events of the plot are closely associated with the protagonist.Being the central character, the protagonist typic in ally enjoys the nigh empathy from the audience. Often the protagonist may be the hero who enjoys being the focal occlusion of the narrative and engages the emotions of the audience. It is also possible for the protagonist to be the villain or antihero of the story. In most cases, a story may contain subplots, each having its own protagonist distinct from the main protagonist. In accompan iment to this, each story may neglect to highlight every protagonist. (b. Now I possess the secret, I could enunciate it a ascorbic acid different and even contradictory rooms. Im non sure how to tell you the secret, flat is precious and science, our science, it guessms a mere frivolity. He added after a pause The secret, otherwise it is not expense what theyre worth the paths that led me to it. From this quote, I learned that through and through his travels he acquired a mental understanding that through the side of meat language we neglect to understand that it has a broader meaning than what we are being taught.Also, he state that now that he has possession of the secret he could pronounce this secret in a hundred different ways and could even be opposing. Therefore, now that the secret is precious, our science is still mere foolishness. The English language is still ignorant to even comprehend the value behind the secret. (c. ) The first-person, I is telling round his relation mail to The other one, the one called Borges. The focus is on the consciousness of the I who is exploring his feelings, perceptions astir(predicate) the relationship.The story is a meditation on the vertiginous complexities of self-consciousness. The story explores the sense of self as dual, the split between a common soldier I the self-known by itself and a public persona, the self-known by others. It expresses a multitude of feelings of the private I toward the public self-feelings of difference, strangeness and otherness feelings of dependence, resentment and criticism feelings of ambivalence. And finally feelings of confusion about the relationship Is the private I no less a persona than the public self? I do not know which of us has written this page. It is also a reflection on the relationship between a writer and his private self, how the writer turns his private self into art. How he transforms even his most intimate feelings about being used into a work of art. II. Pardo Bazan (a. ) And with the closed fist struck head first, then the face, thrust the fearful little slip aways, so not yet altered work with who hid Ildara, trembling. From the very beginning we witnessed a sad spectacle. The image of a girl forced by the circumstances of poverty and the need to avail her get down appears at first sight.The narration is alternated with the description and dialogue in a way that is orderly and accurate fulfilling the role of the author to ready. For my dialogue explains, makes us speak the characters whom we know better, gives them life and Pardo Bazan puts us as silent witnesses of what happens in-house Ildara through description, torn, natural and real. However, the author belongs to the realist movement that fixed his attention on social problems as a reaction to romanticism whose escape makes escape reality.It does not prevent its reality presents it so wicked as well as we can see the description of the face of Ildara destroyed us obscure eyes to not see as it has been the face beaten nose, crushed the eye, destroyed mouth, tooth that is on hand with his face bleeding. In which I see traits of naturalism the stark representation of the facts. In the story, the reader may find different approaches to define the theme for what I consider that the same must infer it. (b. ) part this short story does not involve death, it nevertheless involves a substantial tragedy.The tragedy in Las medias rojas occurs when Ildaras beauty and essentially hope is destroyed by a violent father who disfigures her by violently beating her over a pair of red stockings she bought. When the story is examined it seems that the red stockings represent the hope and happiness that Ildara feels over the thought that she will soon be leaving her poor and destitute life for a better life. Unlike Ildara, Ildaras father does not want to conduct and therefore disfigures Ildara so that she also cannot leave.The tragic disfiguration of Ildara is very important in that, Ildaras beauty was what promised her that spot on the ship that would take her to a better life, but without that beauty Ildara no longer has a chance to leave as the ship only accepts the beautiful. On a figurative level, by destroying Ildaras beauty, Ildaras father destroys her hope of ever living a better life. By presenting such a brutal way of how one can be rendered hopeless, I believe that Bazan is sending a message about not only the brutality of life, but also the hopelessness that fills the lives of many.Hopelessness in my opinion is the greatest tragedy of all because without hope what is there to live for? Furthermore, this idea of hopelessness is really something that is at the heart of all these tragedies that we see in Spanish literature. In constantly putting tragedy after tragedy in their works, Hispanic authors are not trying to render life as something that is inherently dismal rather they are trying to show that hope is what keeps us a live and that when we allow the tragedies of our lives to consume us we subject ourselves to losing the most important thing that keeps us going each and every day, and that is hope.III. Juan Rulfo (a. ) In this story we witness a common theme in Mexican literature, as well as in that of Latin the States as a whole the problematic nature of the father-son relationship. Ignacios relationship with his father is interesting in and of itself for the way in which the father, despite being understandably at odds with his son, nevertheless undertakes the incredible trade union movement of carrying him to Tonaya. It can be also be read, however, as an allegory of the problematic relationship of the post-revolutionary period with the imposing Revolution that preceded it.Although the allegory is far from obvious, we can see the outlines of this problem in the relationship of Ignacio and his father. The father clearly had great hopes for his family but these quickly faded with the loss of his wife and the fragmentation of his family. The next generation, his son Ignacio, delinquent in part to the impossibility of this ideal family and his own shortcomings, has become corrupted, much like many during the post-revolutionary period. genius could rgue No dogs bark has some of the theatrical qualities of tragedy in the fatalistic manner in which the characters are driven towards their inevitable destruction. This quality is supported by the way the story largely consists of dialog between the father and son. It is also notable that No dogs bark also exhibits a tendency towards romanticism. The night, the moon and the man-to-man heroism of the father in carrying his son contribute to this romantic impulse, and these elements serve in turn to bring up the force of the storys tragic ending.

Vampire Academy Chapter 8

EIGHTBURNING WITH ANGER, I FOUGHT harder and better that day than I ever had in any of my classes with the novices. So much so that I finally won my first hand-to-hand pairing, eliminate Shane Reyes. Wed al tracks gotten a dogged, and he in like mannerk it good-natu ablaze(p)ly, applauding my performance, as did a few other(a)s.The comebacks starting, observed Mason subsequently class.So it would seem.He gently touched my arm. Hows Lissa?It didnt surprise me that he knew. Gossip spread so fast around here some measures, it felt like everyone had a psychic bond.Okay. Coping. I didnt elaborate on how I knew that. Our bond was a secret from the student body. Mase, you claim to realise astir(predicate) Mia. You think she might have done that?Whoa, hey, Im not an expert on her or any social occasion. But honestly? No. Mia wont even do dissections in biology. I cleart picture her actually catching a fox, let alone, um, killing it.Any friends who might do it for her?He shook his h ead. non really. Theyre not really the types to get their hands dirty either. But who knows?Lissa was still jolted when I met her for lunch later, her mood do worse when Natalie and her crew wouldnt shut up about(predicate) the fox. apparently Natalie had overcome her disgust enough to roll in the hay the attention the spectacle had brought her. Maybe she wasnt as content with her fringe stead as Id always call upd.And it was just at that place, she explained, waving her hands for emphasis. Right in the middle of the bed. There was line of credit everywhere.Lissa looked as green as the sweater she wore, and I pulled her away before I even done for(p) my food and immediately launched into a string of obscenities about Natalies social skills.Shes nice, Lissa said automatically. You were just telling me the other day how much you liked her.I do like her, exclusively shes just incompetent about certain things.We stood outside our animal fashion class, and I noticed people gi ving us intrusive looks and whispering as they passed. I sighed.How are you doing with all this?A half-smile crossed her face. Cant you already feel it?Yeah, scarcely I require to hear it from you.I dont know. Ill be okay. I wish everyone wouldnt keep staring at me like Im some chassis of freak.My anger exploded again. The fox was bad. People upsetting her made it worse, however at least I could do something about them. Whos bothering you?Rose, you cant beat up everyone we have a riddle with.Mia? I guessed.And others, she said evasively. Look, it doesnt matter. What I want to know is how this could have?that is, I cant stop thinking about that time Dont, I warned.Why do you keep pretending that didnt happen? You of all people. You made free rein of Natalie for pass on and on, but its not like youve got a good grip on your fake switch. Youll normally talk about anything.But not that. We need to forget about it. It was a long time ago. We dont even really know what happened. She stared at me with those big green eyes, calculating her next argument.Hey, Rose.Our colloquy dropped as Jesse strolled up to us. I turned on my best smile.Hey.He nodded cordially to Lissa. So hey, Im going to be in your dorm tonight for a study group. You think?maybe?Momentarily forgetting Lissa, I foc employ my full attention on Jesse. Suddenly, I so needed to do something wild and bad. excessively much had happened today. Sure.He told me when hed be there, and I told him Id meet him in one of the common areas with further instructions.Lissa stared at me when he left. Youre under house arrest. They wont let you hang out and talk to him.I dont really want to ?talk to him. Well slip away.She groaned. I just dont know about you sometimes.Thats because youre the cautious one, and Im the reckless one.Once animal behavior started, I pondered the likelihood of Mia being responsible. From the smug look on her psycho-angel face, she certainly seemed to be enjoying the sensation caused by the bloody fox. But that didnt mean she was the culprit, and after observing her over the last couple of weeks, I knew shed enjoy anything that upset Lissa and me. She didnt need to be the one who had done it.Wolves, like many other species, differentiate their packs into important males and alpha females whom the others defer to. Alphas are almost always the strongest physically, though many times, confrontations turn out to be more a matter of willpower and personality. When an alpha is challenged and replaced, that wolf may find himself ostracized from the group or even attacked.I looked up from my daydreams and focused on Ms. Meissner.Most challenges are likely to occur during pairing season, she continued. This, naturally, brought snickers from the class. In most packs, the alpha pair are the unless ones who mate. If the alpha male is an older, seasoned wolf, a younger competitor may think he has a shot. Whether that is true works on a case-by-case basis. The young often dont realize how seriously outclassed they are by the more experienced.The old-and-young-wolf thing notwithstanding, I thought the rest was pretty relevant. Certainly in the Academys social structure, I obstinate bitterly, there seemed to be a lot of alphas and challenges.Mia raised her hand. What about foxes? Do they have alphas too?There was a collective intake of breath from the class, followed by a few nervous giggles. No one could believe Mia had gone there.Ms. Meissner flushed with what I suspected was anger. Were discussing wolves today, Miss Rinaldi.Mia didnt seem to mind the subtle chastising, and when the class diametric off to work on an assignment, she spent more time looking over at us and giggling. Through the bond, I could feel Lissa growing more and more upset as images of the fox unbroken flashing through her mind.Dont worry, I told her. Ive got a way Hey, Lissa, someone interrupted.We both looked up as Ralf Sarcozy stop by our desks. He wore his trademark stup id grin, and I had a feeling hed come over here on a dare from his friends.So, admit it, he said. You killed the fox. Youre nerve-racking to convince Kirova youre crazy so that you can get out of here again.Screw you, I told him in a low voice.Are you whirl?From what Ive heard, there isnt much to screw, I shot back.Wow, he said mockingly. You have changed. Last I remembered, you werent too picky about who you got sore with.And the last I remember, the only people you ever saw naked were on the Internet.He cocked his head in an overly dramatic fashion. Hey, I just got it it was you, wasnt it? He looked at Lissa, the back at me. She got you to kill the fox, didnt she? Some weird kind of lesbian voo-ahhhRalf burst into flames.I jumped up and pushed Lissa out of the way not easy to do, since we were sitting at our desks. We both ended up on the floor as screams Ralfs in particular-filled the classroom and Ms. Meissner sprinted for the fire extinguisher.And then, just like that, the flames disappeared. Ralf was still screaming and patting himself down, but he didnt have a single singe mark on him. The only indication of what had happened was the gradual smell of smoke in the air.For several seconds, the entire classroom froze. Then, slowly, everyone put the pieces together. Moroi magical specializations were well known, and after scanning the room, I deduced three fire users Ralf, his friend Jacob, and Christian Ozera.Since neither Jacob nor Ralf would have set Ralf on fire, it sort of made the culprit obvious. The fact that Christian was laughing hysterically sort of gave it away too.Ms. Meissner changed from red to deep purple. Mr. Ozera she screamed. How dare you do you have any idea report to Headmistress Kirovas office nowChristian, completely unfazed, stood up and slung his backpack over one shoulder. That smirk stayed on his face. Sure thing, Ms. Meissner.He went out of his way to walk past Ralf, who quickly backed away as he passed. The rest of the class stared, open-mouthed. by and by that, Ms. Meissner attempted to return the class to normal, but it was a lost cause. No one could stop lecture about what had happened. It was shocking on a few different levels. First, no one had ever seen that kind of spell a massive fire that didnt actually burn anything. Second, Christian had used it sickeningly. He had attacked another(prenominal) person. Moroi never did that. They believed magic was meant to take care of the earth, to help people live better lives. It was never, ever used as a weapon. Magic instructors never taught those kinds of spells I dont think they even knew any. Finally, craziest of all, Christian had done it. Christian, whom no one ever noticed or gave a damn about. Well, theyd noticed him now.It appeared someone still knew offensive spells after all, and as much as I had enjoyed the look of terror on Ralfs face, it suddenly occurred to me that Christian might really and truly be a psycho.Liss, I said as we walk ed out of class, cheer tell me you havent hung out with him again.The guilt that flickered through the bond told me more than any explanation could.Liss I grabbed her arm.Not that much, she said uneasily. Hes really okay Okay? Okay? People in the hall stared at us. I realized I was practically shouting. Hes out of his mind. He set Ralf on fire. I thought we decided you werent going to see him anymore.You decided, Rose. Not me. There was an edge in her voice I hadnt heard in a while.Whats going on here? Are you guys?you knowNo she insisted. I told you that already. God. She shot me a look of disgust. Not everyone thinks and acts like you.I flinched at the words. Then we noticed that Mia was passing by. She hadnt heard the intercourse but had caught the nicety. A snide smile spread over her face. Trouble in paradise?Go find your pacifier, and shut the hell up, I told her, not waiting to hear her response. Her mouth dropped open, then tightened into a scowl.Lissa and I walked on in silence, and then Lissa burst out laughing. Like that, our fight diffused.Rose? Her tone was softer now.Lissa, hes dangerous. I dont like him. Please be careful.She touched my arm. I am. Im the cautious one, remember? Youre the reckless one.I hoped that was still true.But later, after school, I had my doubts. I was in my room doing homework when I felt a trickle of what could only be called sneakiness coming from Lissa. Losing track of my work, I stared off into space, trying to get a more detailed understanding of what was happening to her. If ever there was a time for me to slip into her mind, it was now, but I didnt know how to control that.Frowning, I tried to think what normally made that connection occur. Usually she was experiencing some strong emotion, an emotion so powerful it tried to blast into my mind. I had to work hard to fight against that I always sort of kept a mental mole up.Focusing on her now, I tried to remove the wall. I steadied my breathing and cleared my mind. My thoughts didnt matter, only hers did. I needed to open myself to her and let us connect.Id never done anything like this before I didnt have the patience for meditation. My need was so strong, however, that I forced myself into an intense, focused relaxation. I needed to know what was going on with her, and after a few more moments, my effort paid off.I was in.

Pakistan’s War on Terror Up to and Beyond 2014

While Pakistan continues to be a front transmission line state in the global war on consternation, it is simultaneously fighting domestic act of act of little terrorism in a war that depart seemingly continue well beyond 2014. In youthful months, terror attacks targeting the Shia Hazara minority in Baluchistan indicate a transformation of the terror problem in Pakistan. The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi face up two distinct sides of Pakistans terrorism problem, however, the two organizations have increasingly converged operationally to the extent that Pakistan cannot give one without simultaneously confronting the other.BACKGROUND The September 11 terrorist attacks on the U. S. in which thousands of innocent lives were lost lead Pakistan to join the U. S. -led global war against international terrorism in which Pakistan has over the years made an valuable contribution. However, with the passage of time, Washington increasingly came to view Islamabad as part of the problem rather than the solution. virtually U. S. and European policy gravelrs believe that Pakistan is providing a safe haven for the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Western media is full of stories about a presence of the Taliban leadership in Pakistan, including of Mullah Omars alleged base in Quetta.Since the summer of 2008, U. S. military and information agencies are sharing minimal intelligence with its Pakistani counterparts, instead focusing on drone attacks against guess terrorist movements and hideouts. Pakistan is a signatory to the UNs Palermo Convention. At the regional level, Pakistan has signed and ratified SAARC Regional Convention on the Suppression of terrorist act and the SAARC Convention on Narcotic Drugs Substances and the ECO Protocol against drugs. It has extradition treaties with 29 countries and bilateral agreements or MOUs on terrorism with 50 countries.Pakistan has played a major role in eliminating a weigh of terror networks such as the Al-Qae da Anthrax network, the Alghuraba network, the UK-based Anglo-Pakistani group and Jundullah. Prominent targets captured include Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, Abu Alfaraj Alibi, Al Shib, Abu Zubaida, Abu Talha, Khalid stash away Attash or Walid bin Attish, Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, Mohammad Naeem Noor Khan, Abu Laith al-Libi, Hasan Bana, Hamza Rabbi, Sharif Al Masri, Abu Mushab Masri, Jaffar Uttayyar Alkashmiri Yassir Al-Jaziri, and Abdul Rehman Al-Masri.Umar Patek was arrested in Abbottabad by Pakistani forces and may have provided important leads to Osama bin Ladens whereabouts. Since 9/11, Pakistan has also become a victim of terrorism. The direct and indirect comprise suffered by Islamabad in the war on terror has been around US$ 35 billion. on that point has been a constant increase in the number of terror attacks in Pakistan since 9/11 and a number of prominent Pakistanis have lost their lives in such attacks. These include the two-time Prime minister of religion of Pakistan Benazi r Bhutto and the former head of the Pakistan Armys Special Service Group, Maj.Gen. (Rtd) Ameer Faisal Alvi. Most of the jihadists in Pakistan, particularly the splinter groups of variant organizations, are now operating under the umbrella of TTP, a Deobandi Sunni organization established in December 2007. TTPs objectives include cleansing Pakistan of foreign, meaning the U. S. and overall Western, presence, implementing Sharia and establishing a Caliphate. oer the years, TTP has been involved in a number of suicide bombings, rocket attacks, remote controlled bombs, abductions, and beheadings.It has widened its area of operations beyond Pakistans tribal areas and targeted a number of government installations and organizations in the mainland, including the Federal Investigation Agencys Lahore office, the Naval War College in Lahore, the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, the Wah ordinance Factory, the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore, a legal philosophy training school, the GHQ Rawalpi ndi and the Navys Mehran base in Karachi. It is also involved in seize for ransom, bank robberies, forced taxes and drug trade. IMPLICATIONS Since 9/11, the TTP has increasingly converged with the staunchly anti-Shia militant group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.A number of prominent TTP operations were conducted by known Lashkar-e-Jhangvi operatives. In recent months, the Hazaras in Baluchistan are increasingly proper a prime target of the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. Both TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi consider Shias kafirs (infidels) and hence legitimate targets. Terrorist activities showed no sign of recede in 2012, indicating that after more(prenominal) than a decade of fighting terror, Pakistan is nowhere close to the finishing line in this war and the problem is taking an even uglier shape.According to various sources, Pakistan suffered more than 6000 casualties in different terror attacks in 2012. More than 450 terror attacks were recorded in 2012 in which at least 39 were confirmed suicide attacks . Another important development in 2012 was the increasing operational alliance mingled with the TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, although the two groups have cooperated with each other also in the past, the group led by Amjad Farooqi in 2003-2004 being a case in point.However, in 2012 the two groups largely converged operationally in the feel that they declared a war against Shias. This convergence has resulted in the worst attacks to date against Shias, especially the Hazaras in Baluchistan. In 2012, Shias were targeted in 113 attacks in which 396 people lost their lives, indicating the increasingly sectarian features of Pakistans terrorism problem. So far, more than a thousand terror-related deaths have occurred in 2013.Apart from a closer alliance emerging amid TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, TTP has also established Ansar Al-Aseerian (Helpers of the prisoners) in partnership with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. According to media reports, Adnan Rasheed has been appointed the head o f this group. The subroutine of this group is to free all militants held in custody by Pakistani security forces and in various jails. TTP is also attempting to expand its activities and area of influence to Karachi, Pakistans major financial hub.Karachi, which is also considered to be Pakistans major Pashtun center, has been a preferred hideout for TTP, while some TTP and other jihadi activists have reliable medical treatment in Karachi. 2013 also witnessed two developments that will have long lasting solution on Pakistans war against terrorism. Firstly, Pakistans national Assembly unanimously passed the National Counter Terrorism warrant Bill 2013 on March 8, 2013. The establishment of a National Counter Terrorism Authority (NCTA) will play an important role in the efforts to combat terrorism.According to the mandate given to NCTA, it will coordinate counter terrorism and counter extremism efforts in view of the nature and magnitude of the terrorist threat and to dumbfound st rategic policy options to the government for consideration/implementation by the stakeholders after scientifically studying the phenomenon of extremism and terrorism in historic and professional perspective. Secondly, Pakistans army is taking a tougher stance and increasing its watchfulness to the terrorism problem, as indicated by the decision of Pakistans army chief to treat the problem of terrorism as an operational priority. 013 is also an resource year in Pakistan, with national and provincial elections scheduled for whitethorn 11, 2013. TTP has already targeted a number of political events in Khyber Paktunkhwa and especially the Awami National Partys election campaign. The political party or parties that will form the next government will not but inherit a crisis in the energy and financial sectors but will also have to make hard decisions about the countrys war against terror.CONCLUSIONS Developments in Pakistan suggest that the countrys terror problem will only increase in the lead-up to 2014 and Pakistan will have to fight its war on terror well beyond 2014, if concrete and decisive steps against TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi are not taken. Both organizations ask Pakistan to be a Sunni state and are increasingly targeting Shias. The Pakistani people and armed forces have compensable a huge price in people and material in this ongoing war. Unless Pakistan addresses the root causes of the problem, it will not only persist but also get worse.

Brain And Behavior

I believe that mankind emotion is determined by the unvoiced wiring of the brain. One good example is the criminal intent of particular individuals. It is actually interesting to hump that anthropological look into data shows that military group is an inherent conduct among the primate species (Walker, 2001). In society, criminal violence is a common occurrence and legislators have suggested that the behavior of criminals be analyzed in order to see any psychological patterns that argon consistent among these particular types of individuals.In the past few decades, neurobiologists have proposed that an individuals condition, which encompasses empathy, morality and free will, is holistically influenced by the frequency of stimulation and assembly of the neurons of an individual. Such notion is contradictory to the creation of Cartesian dualism, which states that the brain and the mind are two independent entities that coordinate with each other.To date, the accumulation of rese arch reports from the field of neuroscience is gradually affecting the concepts and effectivity of the justice system because of the shifting in the concept of human behavior and response to different stimuli. Neuroscience has influenced our current understanding of the multiple factors that govern lashing behavior among criminals. The nineteenth century classic report of Phineas G eld regarding the anti-social behavior that emerged after massive damage of the prefrontal cerebral mantle of his brain from a railroad accident is now considered as the birth of the field of forensic clinical neurology (Harlow, 1848).Today, computerized imaging of his fractured skull has shown that the autonomic and social nerve systems are the specific damages that were affected, thus resulting in a totally different individual. Such observation, together with research results gathered from war veterans, has led to the conclusion that violent criminal behavior is caused by injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain. It has then been proposed that injury to the prefrontal cortex of the brain causes a condition that has been coined as acquired sociopathy or pseudopsychopath (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000).It is interesting to know that there is an 11% reduction in the surface of the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex among patients diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder (APD) (Raine et al. , 2000). A cogitate observation has as well as been observed between intelligence and alterations in the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex. The temporal lobe of the brain has too been determined to influence an individuals emotional response and aggression, wherein lesions in the amygdale of the temporal lobe result in an individuals failure to recognize fear and sadness among the faces of other people (van Elst et al. , 2001).The connection between the decreased expression of the monoamine oxidase A enzyme and reactive violence has already been established (Caspi et al. , 2002). Mo noamine oxidase A is responsible for the catabolism of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT). The working hypothesis currently accepted is that the prefrontal-amygdala connection is altered, resulting in a dysfunctional aggressive and violent behavior, resulting in criminality in particular individuals. The self-control surmise as proposed by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) couples an instruction regarding the driving force asshole criminality and the features of a criminal act.Gottfredson and Hirschi contend that law-breaking is similar to other out of control and unlawful actions such as alcoholism and smoking because it generates in an individual a temporary yet immediate feeling of gratification. This kind of action is created by a condition that is characterized by low self-control. The authors claim that the condition of having poor self-control is an innate condition that is solidifying in place during the early childhood at around 7 or 8 eld of age. In relation to the me chanism behind criminality, the authors explain that crime is a straightforward action to results in gratification in an individual.Such perception of crime is associated with a number of implications to the general theory of crime. Firstly, the general theory of crime presents that crime is an uncomplicated action that does not need any strategic preparation or intricate knowledge. Secondly, the general theory of crime is related to a number of elements that are included in the theory of routine activities because just like other uncontrolled acts, crimes are not planned and it is prosperous for individuals with low self-esteem to be easily motivated to commit such acts.In addition, criminality is strongly influenced by external factors such as the scarcity of easy targets as well as the presence of associates that are capable of helping or even performing a criminal act. The theory of crime by Gottfredson and Hirschi regarding the early age of 7 or 8 also entails that the longitu dinal analysis of crime is not necessary and that age-correlated theories of crime are confusing. The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also considers the fundamental argument regarding age and the unlawful act.It is actually different from what is presented at general courses in criminology regarding the analysis of age-crime correlations and social factors that are related to crime. A distinction of the general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi is that the age-crime linkage is very different through time, perspective and culture that the age-crime correlation is irrelevant of any social explanation. Their general theory of crime also describes that criminals traverse to perform unlawful acts of crime even during marriage and eventually end up as mateless criminals.The same thing goes with offenders who are currently employedthese individuals generally continue on as offenders and the moreover difference after some time is that they lose their jobs. Th e general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi thus presents an argument against the connection of crime with marriage and employment thus showing that a criminal is incompetent in maintaining a relationship in a marriage or a commitment to work because he is commonly known as person of very low command of his control.Their presentation of the force behind criminality is thus focused on self-control and the authors point out that most investigations regarding criminality do not include this concept. References Blair RJ and Cipolotti L (2000) Impaired social response reversal. A case of acquired sociopathy. Brain 12311221141. Caspi A, McClay J, Moffi tt TE, Mill J and Martin J (2002) Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297851854. Gottfredson MR and Hirschi T (1990) A General Theory of Crime. In Jacoby JE (ed. ) Classics of criminology, 3rd ed.Illinois Waveland Press, Inc. Harlow J (1848) Passage of an agitate bar through the head. Boston Med Surg J 13389393. Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, LaCasse L and Colletti P (2000) Reduced prefrontal colourise matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Arch Gen psychiatry 57119127. van Elst LT, Trimble MR, Ebert D, van Elst LT (2001) Dual brain pathology in patients with affective aggressive episodes. Arch Gen abnormal psychology 5811871188. Walker PL (2001) A bioarchaeological perspective on the history of violence. Annu Rev Anthropol 30 573596.